26 ANNALS NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 



alternating beds of stratified drift and till are to be seen. Minor features, 

 such as a mid-bay bar, provide a little variety. The chief papers of in- 

 terest on this trip are Fuller's Professional Paper on Long Island (175), 

 which contains a spier-did map of the areal geology, and Veatch's Profes- 

 sional Paper (197) on the water resources of Long Island, which contains 

 useful cross-sections. 



Long Branch. — Another trip for a day is the one by boat to Long 

 Branch, giving opportunity to see a part of the cuesta of the coastal plain 

 in Atlantic Highlands, and the drowned inner lowland of New York Bay, 

 the great Sandy Hook spit, and other coastal features, including the little 

 wave-cut cliff on the mainland. Besides having the topographic and 

 geologic map the student should have read Davis' (173) analysis of the 

 development of Cape Cod and referred to Johnson (183) on shorelines. 



Delaware Water Gap. — A day may be devoted to a study of the Dela- 

 ware Water Gap (Fig. 17), and in this connection the recent topographic 

 sheet of this region published by the Geological Survey, with a physi- 

 ographic description, illustrations and diagrams printed on the back, is 

 most useful. The two peneplanes and the post-Tertiary trenching- — in 

 short, the complete history of the Appalachian folds — should be taken up. 

 The articles of Willis (124, 125), Davis (119), and Chamberlin (116) 

 are invaluable in understanding the Appalachian folds. Finally, the 

 vicinity of Paterson offers attractions for another day's trip. 



One-Day and One-Night Trips 



Shawangunk Mountains. — The question of week-end trips may now 

 receive our attention. By leaving New York late Saturday afternoon 

 the student is still able to reach the field of operations the same night, 

 be ready for an early start the next day and return home late that evening. 



For example, he may go to Newplatz, either via the AVest Shore to 

 Highland or the New York Central to Poughkeepsie, then by ferry to 

 Highland, continuing his journey by electric car. The next day's walk 

 over the Shawangunk Mountains and down to Eosendale, where he takes 

 the train for Kingston, gives him a chance to see the open Wallkill Valley, 

 the rock terraces along its sides representing the Tertiary level, the folded 

 Shawangunk Mountains, delightful in their picturesqueness ; the great 

 cliffs of conglomerate, erratics scattered over the plain, glacial striae on 

 the summits, and some of the smaller folded hills, where a splendid 

 cross-section is provided by the gorge of the Eondout at Eosendale. At 

 a distance he may look over the Hamilton plateau whose abrupt eastern 

 edge is analogous to the Allegheny Front further south, and he may also 



