14 



ANNALS NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 



absence in the other, the effect of these things upon the activities of the 

 people— all of these topics are readily illustrated in our immediate area. 

 In Bronx Park glacial stria;, roches moutonnees, and erratics are under 

 our feet at every step. The "Rocking Stone Restaurant" takes its name 

 from a near-by erratic (Fig. 9). The drumlins of the Boston Bay region 

 and the great swarm of western New York (Fig. 10), the eskers of south- 

 ern Maine and an occasional one in New Jersey, the sand plains of New 

 England, the kame hills scattered over New York and New Jersey, are 

 topics of interest. There is also the subject of marginal lakes illustrated 

 by Lake Passaic in New Jersey, Lake Bascom in the Berkshire region, 

 and Lake Iroquois in New York. Their outlet channels may still be 

 pointed out, that of Lake Passaic at Moggy Hollow and of Lake Iroquois 

 at Rome, New York, and a later marginal channel at Covey Gulf on the 

 northern flank of the Adirondacks. 



A New England OrumJin ' 



Drumlins 

 near C/yde,N.y 

 i » M "-g 



Fig. 10. — Characteristic view and map of glacial drumlins 



In strong contrast with all of this there are the normal and undisturbed 

 erosion features of the southern half of our district, where lakes are prac- 

 tically absent and where the soil is all of the residual type. Boulder-cov- 

 ered fields in southern Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia are not 

 known. The aspect of the country is different and this difference is re- 

 flected in the industries and economic development of the region. 



Waves. — The subject of wave work is no less limited in the prolificacy 

 of examples available. The development of the features upon an emerged 

 shoreline is illustrated in the unrivaled offshore bars and lagoons of the 

 Long Island and New Jersey coast, both typically in the youthful stage, 

 though it may be held that in northern New Jersey where the bar has 

 been pushed back against the mainland maturity is reached. 



Abandoned shorelines and beach ridges exposed as a result of emer- 

 gence are beautifully displayed in western New York in the old basin of 

 Lake Ontario and it is upon these ridges that the so-called ridge roads 

 have been built. 



Shorelines of submergence in a region of strong relief are shown in 



