[Annals N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. XXVIII, pp. 51-166, Pis. 1-XIH. 

 15 January. 1919] 



A MEMOIR ON THE PHYLOGENY OF THE JAW MUSCLES 

 IN RECENT AND FOSSIL VERTEBRATES 1 



By Levekett Allen Adams 



(Presented before the Academy, 8 March, 1915) 



CONTENTS 



Page 



Introduction 52 



Statement of the problem 55 



Criteria of homology 55 



Embryology 55 



Nerve supply 56 



Origin and insertion 60 



Function 60 



Acknowledgments 61 



The jaw muscles in recent vertebrates 62 



Pisces 62 



Acanthias 62 



Polyodon 66 



Acipenser 68 



Amia 69 



Lepidosteus 71 



Eso.r 73 



AnguiUa 75 



Palinurichthys. 76 



Polyptcrus 78 



Ceratodus {Neoceratodus) 80 



Amphibia 83 



Rana 83 



Cryptobranchus 85 



Amphiuma 86 



Amblystoma 88 



Reptilia 88 



Chelydra 88 



Sphenodon 90 



Alligator 92 



Iguana 95 



Varanus j)7 



Aves 99 



Gallus 99 



1 Studies in Comparative Osteology and Myology, No. 2, issued under the direction of 



Dr. William K. Gregory, Assistant Professor of Vertebrate Palaeontology, Columbia TTni- 

 versity, and Research Associate, American Museum of Natural History. 



(51) 



