BULLETIN OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 

 VOL. 24, PP. 133-162 MARCH 25, 1913 



PLEISTOCENE GEOLOGY OF NEW YORK STATE 



ANNUAL ADDRESS OF THE PRESIDENT, HERMAN L. FAIRCHILD 



{Bead before the Society December 28, 1912) 



CONTENTS 



Page 



Introduction 134 



Multiple glaciation 134 



Laurentian ( Labrador i an) ice-body 135 



Limits in New York 135 



Thickness 135 



Movement 136 



Recession 137 



Geologic effects of the ice-sheet 138 



Erosional work 138 



Constructional work 143 



Subglacial : drumlins 143 



Marginal : moraines 146 



Work of glacial waters 147 



Streams : erosional 147 



Normal drainage 147 



Subglacial drainage 147 



Marginal drainage 148 



Streams : constructional 14!> 



Subglacial : eskers 149 



Extraglacial : kames 14!) 



Extraglacial : outwash plains 150 



Extraglacial : valley trains 150 



Lakes : glacial 151 



Occurrence 151 



Erosional work 152 



Constructional work 152 



Beach ridges 152 



Deltas L52 



Delta plains 152 



Clay plains 153 



Morainal lakes 1 



Cataract lakes 1 54 



Lakes of complex origin ' 



Glacial lake succession ' 



Marine waters » 1 



(133) 



• i 



