TRANSVERSE FAULTS IN MONOCLINAL STRUCTURES 



205 



tude, but not in latitude or longitude. The linear continuity of the 

 ridges and valleys will not at first be affected in plan; but as the new 

 cycle advances, the ridges and valleys in the uplifted block will be shifted 

 down the dip of their determining strata (except that under special con- 

 ditions of small dip and moderate contrast of resistance a strong subse- 

 quent stream may cut down its new valley vertically, and thus come to 

 be structurally superposed in a resistant stratum), and near the close of 

 the cycle all the members on one side of the fault line will be laterally 

 displaced, or "offset," from their fellows on the other side, as in figure 

 4 B, thus giving the effect of a fault of horizontal slip. Sometimes the 

 offset may bring the halves of different riclges together; the fault line 



Figure 4.— Transverse Faults in a mouocUnal Structure 



between them may then he marked by a mere notch or by a transverse 

 valley. More frequently the offset will result in a haphazard opposition 

 of a longitudinal valley to a truncated ridge. Special features will be 

 determined by the angle between the strike of the monocline and of the 

 fault line, which I have elsewhere treated ('89, '98). 



Second-cycle Forms on faulted Structures 



Now suppose another cycle of erosion to be introduced by a broad up- 

 lift of the whole region without renewal of faulting. This may happen 

 at any stage of the interrupted cycle, but we will here consider only in- 

 terruptions that occur near the end of the cycle that they interrupt. 

 The streams of the region will be revived by the new uplift. The shat- 

 tered rocks of any shear zone and the areas where weak rocks are exposed 

 will waste away rapidly and will soon be reduced to new valleys and low- 

 lands; the harder parts of the broadly uplifted area will for a time retain 

 nearly the altitude of uplift except where cut down by streams. In other 



