438 A. W. GRABAU PALEOZOIC DELTA DEPOSITS OF XORTH AMERICA 



or more being massive, cross-bedded, hard purplish-gray sandstones, with 

 thin red shales on top. A massive conglomerate with rounded milk- 

 white quartz pebbles has been found in this part of the formation on 

 Clayliek Mountain and on the north side of Cove Gap. 56 



Southward in Maryland and West Virginia (North Mountain) the 

 series is only 200 feet thick. At the base is a heavy bed of cross-bedded 

 white sandstone and quartz conglomerate which appears to be local, and 

 is reworked Bald Eagle material. This is followed by coarse reddish 

 sandstones, with some red shales, often containing clay galls. 



Northwestward these beds continue under cover of higher formations 

 and do not appear again until the Lake Ontario region is reached, where 

 on the lower Niagara they crop out again. These are the Queenston 

 shales, which have a total thickness of 1,146 feet, and consist mainly of 

 soft red shales, with some sandstones. Only something over 100 feet are 

 shown at Queenston, the lower part being concealed by the waters of Lake 

 Ontario. 



Farther toward the northwest we find the basal portion of the red beds 

 rising and apparently resting by overlap on higher and higher members 

 of the Eichmond series. 57 The Queenston upper members are seen to 

 rest on the Eichmond beds at Cape Commodore, on the Indian Peninsula 

 in Ontario, Canada. 58 These red and green Queenston beds are here 

 109 feet thick and are followed by 36 feet of lowest Siluric dolomite 

 (Keppel dolomite), above which follow 150 feet or less of red "Medina" 

 shales (Cabot Head beds). This condition can be traced to Cabots Head, 

 on the Manitoulin Islands, but ere long the red beds disappear entirely. 



Xortheastward the Queenston red beds can be traced to the north side 

 of the Adirondacks, resting, as already noted, on the Upper Hudson 

 shales near Quebec. In the eastern Mohawk Valley they are absent, the 

 Oneida or younger strata resting on the Hudson shales. 



The age of the Juniata-Queenston fan or deposit of highly oxidized 

 sands and clays is in part certainly Upper Maysvillian. and in part it is 

 Eichmondian. I do not believe that any part of it is early Maysvillian, 

 as suggested by Ulrieh.* It is certainly post-Oswego. From analogy 

 with the Bays sandstone, its southern equivalent, the base of this forma- 

 tion must be near the Upper Maysvillian. 



Summarizing the characteristics of the Juniata-Queenston, we find it 



56 G. W. Stose : Mercersburg-Chambersburg Folio. U. S. Geol. Survey. 



57 A. F. Foerste : Geol. Soc. Am. Washington Meeting, preliminary announcement : 

 also Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. 24. March. 1013. p. 110. 



58 Logan : Geology of Canada. 1863. p. 318. The beds are here called Medina. 



* Mr. T'lrich has since come to the conclusion that the Juniata-Queenstou (Lower 

 Medina) "is equivalent to the greater part, if not the whole, of the Richmond." (Bull. 

 Geol. Soc. Am., vol. 24. 1013. p. 108.) This was my conclusion more than five years ago. 



