712 ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS 



A NEW CLASSIFICATION OF MARINE DEPOSITS 



I. Marine hydrogenics (halmyrogenic) deposits, or chemical precipitates 



from the sea-water. 

 II. Marine biogenics, or organic deposits of marine origin. 



A. Benthonic, or living on the sea-bottom. 



1. Littoral — originating in littoral district. 



a. Shore zone: 



(1) autochthonous, or growing in situ. 



(2) allochthonous, or cast up from deeper water. 



b. Neritic or shallow-icater zone: 



(1) autochthonous — growing in situ. 



(2) allochthonous — transported usually from shore zone. 



2. Bathyal (between 200 and 900 meters; the bathyal zone) : 



( 1 ) autochthonous. 



(2) allochthonous — transported usually from littoral zone. 



0. Abyssal (below 900 meters in depth) : 



(1) autochthonous. 



(2) allochthonous — transported from the littoral or bath- 



yal regions. 



B. Pelagic, or living in the open ocean and its extension into the shore 



indentations, either as plankton or nekton. 3 



These may settle in the Littoral, Bathyal, or Abyssal districts, re- 

 maining either in place or more or -less rearranged or worked over, 

 especially in shallow water, whence they may be cast on shore and 

 even blown inland. In the Bathyal and Abyssal districts they form 

 pure organic oozes. 



III. Marine clastics. Fragmental material worn off by or in the sea. 



A. Hydroclastics — worn off or rearranged by the sea-waves or currents. 



1. Terrigenous, or land derived: 



a. from continents, including continental islands. 



b. from oceanic islands, exclusive of coral reefs and other 



organic deposits. 



2. Thalassigenous, or sea-derived: 



a. organic lime-sand and mud, derived from coral reefs, from 



nullipore reefs, shell deposits, etcetera. 



b. derived from halmyrogenic or chemical deposits. Clastic 



material derived by destruction by waves of chemical de- 

 posits formed by the sea (not positively known). Chem- 

 ically formed marine oolites when worn by waves may 

 come under this head. 



B. Bioclastics — rock material broken up by marine organisms. 



Marine bioclastics. These may be classed according to the source 

 from which the material was originally derived, as : 



1. Terrigenous, from continents and islands. 



2. Thalassigenous, from coral reefs, etcetera. 



3 Ibid., p. 991. 



