﻿68 
  REPORT 
  UNITED 
  STATES 
  ENTOMOLOGICAL 
  COMMISSION. 
  

  

  the 
  eye 
  of 
  the 
  observer, 
  and 
  in 
  corroboration 
  of 
  this 
  testimony" 
  Dr. 
  W. 
  

   Koppen, 
  who 
  has 
  drawn 
  up 
  a 
  table 
  of 
  the 
  earth's 
  temperature 
  in 
  connec- 
  

   tion 
  with 
  the 
  sun-spots 
  between 
  the 
  years 
  1770 
  and 
  1870 
  (Zeitschrift 
  der 
  

   osterreichischen 
  Gesellschaft 
  fiir 
  Meteorologie, 
  August 
  und 
  September, 
  

   1873), 
  informs 
  us 
  that 
  within 
  the 
  tropics 
  the 
  maximum 
  warmth 
  occurs 
  a 
  

   full 
  year 
  before 
  the 
  year 
  of 
  minimum 
  sun-spots, 
  while 
  in 
  the 
  zones 
  be- 
  

   yond 
  it 
  falls 
  two 
  years 
  after 
  the 
  minimum, 
  and 
  that 
  the 
  regularity 
  and 
  

   magnitude 
  of 
  the 
  undulations 
  of 
  the 
  temperature 
  curve 
  is 
  most 
  strongly 
  

   marked 
  within 
  the 
  tropics 
  and 
  decreases 
  toward 
  the 
  poles. 
  During 
  this 
  

   heat 
  which 
  accompanies 
  the 
  minimum 
  epochs, 
  droughts 
  may 
  be 
  looked 
  

   for, 
  and 
  likewise 
  famines, 
  according 
  to 
  Mr. 
  W. 
  W. 
  Hunter's 
  tabulation. 
  

  

  Last, 
  not 
  least, 
  in 
  addition 
  to 
  these 
  sun 
  features 
  now 
  detailed, 
  seismic 
  

   phenomena, 
  such 
  as 
  earthquakes, 
  volcanic 
  emanations 
  and 
  hot 
  springs, 
  

   and 
  entomological 
  phenomena, 
  such 
  as 
  insect 
  multiplication 
  and 
  migra- 
  

   tion, 
  are 
  proclaimed 
  by 
  the 
  voice 
  of 
  all 
  antiquity 
  to 
  result 
  from 
  exces- 
  

   sive 
  heats 
  and 
  dry 
  seasons, 
  and 
  to 
  be 
  the 
  fell 
  accompaniments 
  of 
  famines 
  

   and 
  pestilence. 
  Even 
  now 
  in 
  the 
  picturesque 
  language 
  of 
  the 
  Arabs 
  we 
  

   find 
  such 
  phraseology 
  as 
  the 
  year 
  of 
  the 
  drought, 
  the 
  year 
  of 
  the 
  earth- 
  

   quake, 
  the 
  year 
  of 
  the 
  locust, 
  and 
  the 
  year 
  of 
  the 
  whirlwind, 
  showing 
  

   that 
  an 
  interest 
  is 
  still 
  felt 
  in 
  the 
  dark 
  numbers 
  of 
  astronomy, 
  and 
  re- 
  

   vealing 
  the 
  sources 
  of 
  a 
  science 
  we 
  northern 
  nations 
  are 
  far 
  too 
  apt 
  to 
  

   cavil 
  at. 
  But 
  of 
  this 
  anon. 
  On 
  the 
  other 
  hand, 
  about 
  the 
  maximum 
  

   sun-spot 
  years 
  the 
  cyclones 
  in 
  the 
  Indian 
  Ocean 
  and 
  the 
  hurricanes 
  in 
  

   the 
  West 
  Indies, 
  as 
  has 
  been 
  shown 
  by 
  Messrs. 
  Meldrum 
  and 
  Poey, 
  in- 
  

   crease 
  in 
  number, 
  and 
  at 
  the 
  same 
  time 
  the 
  annual 
  rainfall 
  is 
  greatest 
  

   in 
  the 
  East 
  Indies 
  and 
  at 
  the 
  Cape 
  of 
  Good 
  Hope. 
  (Messrs. 
  E^ornian 
  

   Lockyer 
  and 
  Hunter 
  in 
  the 
  Nineteenth 
  Century 
  for 
  November, 
  1877 
  (p. 
  

   583), 
  furnish 
  a 
  digest 
  of 
  the 
  more 
  recent 
  application 
  of 
  Solar 
  Physics 
  to 
  

   Terrestrial 
  Phenomena, 
  entitled 
  " 
  Sun-spots 
  and 
  Famines 
  '\) 
  Indeed 
  the 
  

   increase 
  in 
  wind-disturbances 
  and 
  rainfall 
  would 
  seem 
  to 
  be 
  the 
  leading 
  

   feature 
  of 
  the 
  maximum 
  period 
  of 
  sun-spots 
  all 
  over 
  the 
  globe, 
  a 
  conse- 
  

   quence 
  which 
  some 
  tacitly 
  assign 
  to 
  the 
  greater 
  energy 
  of 
  the 
  sun 
  at 
  

   this 
  period. 
  Should, 
  however, 
  this 
  conception 
  seem 
  discordant 
  with 
  a 
  

   notion 
  of 
  the 
  heat 
  waves 
  at 
  the 
  minimum 
  period 
  and 
  the 
  existence 
  of 
  

   permanent 
  defects 
  in 
  the 
  luminous 
  photosphere 
  of 
  the 
  sun 
  at 
  the 
  max- 
  

   imum, 
  the 
  wind 
  and 
  rain 
  would 
  quite 
  as 
  agreeably 
  with 
  the 
  known 
  laws 
  

   of 
  nature 
  be 
  referred 
  to 
  the 
  irregular 
  action 
  and 
  impotent 
  state 
  of 
  the 
  

   sun 
  at 
  this 
  conjuncture, 
  producing 
  secular 
  refrigeration, 
  and 
  increasing 
  

   in 
  this 
  manner 
  the 
  aerial 
  currents 
  and 
  precipitation 
  of 
  aqueous 
  vapor. 
  

   Certain 
  is 
  it 
  that 
  Sir 
  William 
  Herschel's 
  comi)arison 
  between 
  the 
  prices 
  

   of 
  corn 
  and 
  complaints 
  of 
  poor 
  crops 
  in 
  Europe, 
  as 
  founded 
  on 
  the 
  first 
  

   hypothesis, 
  could 
  not 
  be 
  borne 
  out 
  by 
  the 
  past 
  wretched 
  years. 
  (Phil. 
  

   Trans. 
  1801, 
  pt. 
  ii, 
  pp. 
  310-316). 
  

  

  Having 
  tlius 
  in 
  a 
  general 
  way 
  introduced 
  my 
  subject 
  in 
  its 
  various 
  

   bearings, 
  I 
  will 
  now 
  proceed 
  to 
  show 
  how 
  solar 
  physics 
  influence 
  insect 
  

   multiplication 
  and 
  migration 
  in 
  general, 
  and 
  locust 
  multiplication 
  and 
  

  

  