﻿76 
  REPORT 
  UNITED 
  STATES 
  ENTOMOLOGICAL 
  COMMISSION. 
  

  

  After 
  this 
  marlved 
  inroad, 
  concerDing 
  which 
  Mr. 
  Thomas 
  has 
  given 
  so 
  

   fall 
  a 
  bibliography, 
  the 
  locusts 
  in 
  1708 
  again 
  sweep 
  out 
  of 
  Wallachia 
  

   and 
  pass 
  through 
  Poland 
  into 
  Eussia, 
  and 
  two 
  years 
  after 
  they 
  spread 
  

   alarm 
  through 
  the 
  army 
  of 
  Charles 
  XII 
  in 
  Bessarabia, 
  and 
  in 
  1712 
  we 
  

   hear 
  of 
  their 
  passing 
  through 
  Galicia 
  to 
  Germany, 
  and 
  of 
  their 
  harass- 
  

   ing 
  Silesia. 
  As 
  would 
  appear, 
  this 
  invasion 
  continued 
  for 
  three 
  or 
  four 
  

   years 
  and 
  extended 
  into 
  Italy 
  ; 
  but 
  since 
  the 
  minimum 
  epoch 
  of 
  sun-spots 
  

   transi>ired 
  in 
  1708, 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  destruction 
  committed 
  in 
  Italy 
  about 
  the 
  

   year 
  1 
  716 
  may 
  have 
  been 
  due 
  to 
  the 
  local 
  multiplication 
  of 
  the 
  Galopte- 
  

   nus 
  italicuSy 
  and 
  should 
  be 
  ascribed 
  to 
  the 
  next 
  period 
  of 
  solar 
  energy 
  

   culminating 
  in 
  1720. 
  As 
  soon 
  as 
  1727 
  the 
  fields 
  of 
  Italy 
  are 
  again 
  at- 
  

   tacked 
  by 
  locusts, 
  and 
  in 
  1730 
  and 
  1732 
  they 
  visit 
  Germany 
  and 
  pene- 
  

   trate 
  as 
  far 
  as 
  Berlin; 
  1730 
  is 
  here 
  the 
  proximate 
  year 
  of 
  fewest 
  sun- 
  

   spots. 
  The 
  great 
  locust 
  inroad 
  of 
  this 
  century, 
  starting 
  from 
  Turkey 
  

   in 
  1747, 
  spread 
  through 
  Wallachia, 
  Moldavia, 
  Transylvania, 
  and 
  Hun- 
  

   gary, 
  and 
  from 
  thence 
  in 
  1749 
  passed 
  into 
  Austria, 
  Bavaria, 
  and 
  Ger- 
  

   many, 
  reaching 
  Brandenburg 
  in 
  1750. 
  The 
  Ukraine, 
  Poland, 
  and 
  Silesia 
  

   were 
  also 
  visited, 
  and 
  the 
  swarm, 
  attaining 
  the 
  shores 
  of 
  England, 
  is 
  

   stated 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  destructive 
  in 
  Norfolk, 
  Stafford, 
  Cheshire, 
  and 
  Derby- 
  

   shire 
  (?). 
  The 
  differences 
  of 
  the 
  sun-spot 
  series 
  indicate 
  a 
  minimum 
  year 
  

   of 
  sun-spots 
  about 
  1744 
  or 
  1747 
  to 
  which 
  this 
  invasion 
  should 
  be 
  referred. 
  

   In 
  1756 
  and 
  1757 
  locusts 
  again 
  migrate 
  to 
  Russia, 
  and 
  two 
  years 
  after- 
  

   wards 
  they 
  are 
  observed 
  in 
  Italy 
  and 
  Germany, 
  where 
  they 
  are 
  again 
  

   noticed 
  in 
  1763. 
  The 
  corresponding 
  minimum 
  year 
  of 
  sun-spots 
  is 
  in 
  

   this 
  case 
  evidently 
  1755. 
  In 
  1792 
  locusts 
  visit 
  Spain, 
  and 
  from 
  1799 
  to 
  

   1806 
  they 
  migrate 
  to 
  Russia, 
  appearing 
  in 
  Germany 
  in 
  1803; 
  1798 
  is 
  

   here 
  the 
  corresponding 
  solar 
  year. 
  

  

  Some 
  notices 
  of 
  locusts 
  in 
  Europe 
  during 
  the 
  seventeenth 
  and 
  eight- 
  

   eenth 
  centuries 
  seem 
  to 
  be 
  apocryphal. 
  F. 
  Th. 
  Koppen 
  (Ent. 
  Zeit. 
  zu 
  

   Stettin, 
  1871, 
  S. 
  183-190) 
  thinks 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  reputed 
  invasions 
  refer 
  to 
  

   troops 
  of 
  dragon 
  tlies.^^ 
  He 
  adds 
  that 
  during 
  the 
  years 
  1623, 
  1659, 
  and 
  

   1695, 
  as 
  far 
  as 
  he 
  was 
  aware, 
  there 
  were 
  no 
  locusts 
  in 
  Germany. 
  These 
  

   migrations 
  of 
  dragon 
  flies 
  will 
  be 
  found 
  tabulated 
  in 
  a 
  brochure 
  entitled 
  

   Waarnemingen 
  over 
  het 
  Trekken 
  van 
  Insekten 
  door 
  A. 
  A. 
  van 
  Bemmelen; 
  

   taking 
  their 
  origin 
  in 
  the 
  variable 
  climate 
  of 
  Europe, 
  we 
  find 
  that 
  while 
  

   they 
  fairly 
  culminate 
  towards 
  the 
  minimum 
  times 
  of 
  sun-spots, 
  they 
  may 
  

   likewise 
  indicate 
  the 
  maximum 
  epoch, 
  as 
  I 
  think 
  an 
  analysis 
  will 
  show. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  present 
  century^'^ 
  we 
  find 
  various 
  records 
  of 
  locust 
  increase 
  

   along 
  a 
  line 
  extending 
  from 
  Egypt 
  to 
  India, 
  during 
  the 
  period 
  incUided 
  

   between 
  the 
  years 
  1810 
  and 
  1814, 
  and 
  that 
  simultaneously 
  this 
  tribe 
  of 
  

   insects 
  is 
  destructive 
  in 
  Erance, 
  and 
  that 
  a 
  migratory 
  species, 
  the 
  Fa- 
  

  

  1^1494, 
  S. 
  Caspar. 
  Weinrich. 
  Daiizi;;er 
  Chronik., 
  herausg. 
  von 
  Hiiscli 
  und 
  Vossberg. 
  Berlin, 
  1855, 
  4°; 
  

   1586, 
  Ditra. 
  Chron. 
  ii, 
  303; 
  1623, 
  I. 
  B. 
  Carpzov, 
  Analectis 
  fastorum 
  Zittanjeiisium, 
  Th. 
  2, 
  p. 
  284, 
  vgl. 
  

   Pvathlef. 
  Akiidotheologie, 
  Th. 
  ii, 
  1750, 
  pp. 
  60, 
  61; 
  1659, 
  vgl. 
  Bathlef. 
  Akridotheologie, 
  ib.; 
  1695, 
  ib. 
  ii, 
  

   p. 
  80. 
  

  

  I'Wm. 
  Denison 
  Roebuck's 
  articles 
  on 
  locusts 
  in 
  Torksliire 
  contained 
  in 
  the 
  Yorkshire 
  Naturalist, 
  

   compared 
  with 
  notices 
  in 
  the 
  publications 
  of 
  foreign 
  entomological 
  societies 
  and 
  with 
  notices 
  in 
  

   travelers' 
  journals. 
  

  

  