﻿SOLAR 
  PHYSICS 
  AND 
  LOCUST 
  INCREASE. 
  77 
  

  

  cliytylus 
  migratorius 
  L., 
  as 
  would 
  seem, 
  visits 
  England 
  and 
  the 
  shores 
  of 
  

   the 
  Baltic. 
  In 
  the 
  period 
  included 
  between 
  1820 
  and 
  1828 
  Orthoptera 
  

   again 
  multiply, 
  becoming 
  destructive 
  in 
  the 
  Crimea 
  between 
  the 
  years 
  

   1823 
  and 
  1826. 
  In 
  1825 
  Caloptenus 
  italicus 
  is 
  noxious 
  in 
  Italy 
  and 
  in 
  

   Southern 
  France, 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  autumn 
  of 
  1828 
  a 
  remarkable 
  cloud 
  of 
  lo- 
  

   custs, 
  most 
  probably 
  the 
  Fachytylus 
  migratorius^ 
  was 
  noticed 
  to 
  pass 
  

   from 
  Odessa 
  over 
  to 
  Galicia. 
  During 
  this 
  period 
  the 
  last-mentioned 
  

   species 
  appears 
  regularly 
  in 
  eastern 
  and 
  northern 
  Germany. 
  

  

  We 
  next 
  hear 
  of 
  Orthoptera 
  increasing 
  in 
  Europe 
  during 
  the 
  period 
  

   included 
  between 
  the 
  years 
  1832 
  and 
  1834, 
  when 
  locusts 
  were 
  noxious 
  

   at 
  Constantinople, 
  in 
  Sicily, 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  south 
  of 
  France 
  ; 
  but 
  hitherto 
  

   I 
  have 
  found 
  no 
  reliable 
  notices 
  of 
  migrants 
  being 
  observed 
  at 
  this 
  time 
  

   in 
  northern 
  countries. 
  They 
  again 
  showed 
  up 
  in 
  the 
  period 
  between 
  

   1842 
  and 
  1849 
  -, 
  for 
  in 
  1843 
  we 
  hear 
  of 
  flights 
  of 
  locusts 
  in 
  northern 
  

   India, 
  and 
  two 
  years 
  after 
  of 
  their 
  becoming 
  a 
  plague 
  in 
  Algeria. 
  In 
  

   1844, 
  P. 
  migratorius 
  multiplies 
  in 
  southern 
  Eussia, 
  passing 
  the 
  same 
  

   year 
  in 
  bands 
  to 
  Switzerland 
  and 
  Belgium, 
  stragglers 
  reaching 
  to 
  N^orth 
  

   Germany 
  and 
  the 
  shores 
  of 
  the 
  Baltic, 
  and 
  even 
  i3enetrating 
  into 
  Swe- 
  

   den. 
  Over 
  this 
  area 
  they 
  continue 
  to 
  appear 
  until 
  1847, 
  and 
  in 
  1846 
  

   numerous 
  flocks 
  of 
  locusts 
  are 
  seen 
  or 
  recorded 
  in 
  the 
  south 
  and 
  north 
  

   of 
  England, 
  in 
  Scotland, 
  about 
  Aberdeen, 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  Shetland 
  Islands, 
  

   a 
  few 
  examples 
  being 
  likewise 
  taken 
  on 
  the 
  east 
  coast 
  the 
  succeeding 
  

   year. 
  In 
  1848, 
  P. 
  migratorius 
  continues 
  to 
  turn 
  up 
  in 
  France 
  and 
  Bel- 
  

   gium, 
  and 
  locusts 
  are 
  plentiful 
  at 
  Heme 
  Bay; 
  and 
  the 
  next 
  year 
  even 
  

   we 
  still 
  find 
  records 
  of 
  captures 
  being 
  made 
  around 
  Paris 
  and 
  in 
  Bel- 
  

   gium, 
  and 
  one 
  example 
  is 
  taken 
  at 
  Thrisk, 
  in 
  Yorkshire. 
  

  

  After 
  this 
  memorable 
  period 
  we 
  hear 
  nothing 
  of 
  locusts 
  in 
  Europe 
  

   until 
  1857, 
  from 
  which 
  year 
  until 
  1862 
  they 
  continued 
  to 
  api^ear 
  in 
  the 
  

   central 
  and 
  northern 
  countries 
  of 
  Europe. 
  In 
  the 
  year 
  1857 
  locusts 
  

   were 
  already 
  noxious 
  at 
  Odessa 
  and 
  in 
  China; 
  and 
  in 
  1860 
  we 
  have 
  

   official 
  reports 
  of 
  the 
  entry 
  of 
  P. 
  migratorius 
  into 
  Bessarabia, 
  Podolia, 
  

   and 
  Yolkynia, 
  on 
  the 
  southern 
  boundaries 
  of 
  Poland, 
  coming, 
  as 
  would 
  

   seem, 
  from 
  Galicia, 
  which 
  province 
  of 
  Austria 
  it 
  may 
  have 
  reached 
  from 
  

   Odessa, 
  as 
  in 
  1828. 
  However, 
  three 
  years 
  previous 
  to 
  this 
  it 
  has 
  been 
  

   taken 
  near 
  Paris, 
  in 
  Belgium, 
  and 
  in 
  Holland 
  ; 
  and 
  at 
  the 
  same 
  time 
  it 
  

   visited 
  the 
  north 
  of 
  England 
  and 
  Ireland. 
  In 
  England 
  it 
  is 
  recorded 
  

   until 
  1859, 
  and 
  near 
  Paris 
  and 
  in 
  Belgium 
  it 
  is 
  found 
  until 
  1862. 
  We 
  

   likewise 
  hear 
  of 
  its 
  occurring 
  at 
  Malta 
  in 
  1861. 
  The 
  next 
  period 
  is 
  from 
  

   1864 
  until 
  1869. 
  In 
  the 
  first-mentioned 
  year 
  a 
  fresh 
  species 
  of 
  locust, 
  

   Acridium 
  peregrinum, 
  multiplies 
  in 
  Algeria, 
  and 
  an 
  erratic 
  flock 
  of 
  the 
  

   same 
  comes 
  in 
  the 
  autumn 
  to 
  the 
  coast 
  of 
  Cornwall. 
  On 
  the 
  2d 
  of 
  No- 
  

   vember 
  of 
  the 
  year 
  following, 
  another 
  flock 
  of 
  this 
  same 
  species 
  boards 
  

   a 
  vessel 
  on 
  her 
  voyage 
  from 
  Bordeaux 
  to 
  ]N"ew 
  Orleans 
  1,200 
  miles 
  from 
  

   land. 
  In 
  1866 
  these 
  locusts 
  have 
  increased 
  to 
  such 
  an 
  extent 
  in 
  Al- 
  

   geria 
  that 
  they 
  there 
  became 
  a 
  plague, 
  and 
  at 
  the 
  same 
  time 
  they 
  are 
  

   noticed 
  in 
  Corfu. 
  They 
  again 
  come 
  to 
  Cornwall 
  in 
  1869, 
  and 
  the 
  same 
  

  

  