﻿so 
  REPORT 
  UNITED 
  STATES 
  ENTOMOLOGICAL 
  COMMISSION. 
  

  

  means 
  necessary 
  to 
  prevent 
  its 
  injuries 
  to 
  fruit 
  trees. 
  Although 
  the 
  

   subject 
  was 
  discussed 
  by 
  a 
  half 
  dozen 
  or 
  more 
  practical 
  horticulturists, 
  

   no 
  one 
  corrected 
  the 
  name, 
  and 
  all 
  spoke 
  gravely 
  of 
  shaking 
  them 
  from 
  

   the 
  tree, 
  or 
  of 
  belting 
  it 
  with 
  lard 
  and 
  sulphur 
  or 
  other 
  mixture 
  to 
  pre- 
  

   vent 
  the 
  worms 
  from 
  climbing 
  up. 
  Possibly 
  this 
  name 
  answered 
  their 
  

   purpose 
  sufficiently 
  well, 
  as 
  all 
  were 
  evidently 
  speaking 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  

   insect 
  — 
  probably 
  the 
  Oauker 
  Worm 
  — 
  but 
  think 
  of 
  how 
  the 
  discussion 
  

   was 
  quoted 
  in 
  one 
  paper 
  and 
  another, 
  and 
  think 
  of 
  the 
  confusion 
  which 
  

   the 
  reading 
  of 
  such 
  a 
  report 
  would 
  create 
  in 
  the 
  minds 
  of 
  those 
  anxious 
  

   to 
  learn 
  the 
  truth, 
  and 
  who 
  had 
  not 
  access 
  to 
  reliable 
  works! 
  

  

  The 
  California 
  newspapers 
  have 
  from 
  time 
  to 
  time 
  recorded 
  the 
  ap- 
  

   pearance 
  of 
  the 
  Army 
  Worm 
  in 
  that 
  State. 
  That 
  the 
  genuine 
  Army 
  

   Worm 
  is 
  not 
  concerned 
  in 
  this 
  damage 
  is 
  shown 
  by 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  the 
  in- 
  

   sect, 
  whatever 
  it 
  is, 
  has 
  manifested 
  little 
  disposition 
  to 
  injure 
  the 
  grain 
  j 
  

   but 
  garden 
  vegetables, 
  and 
  even 
  grapes, 
  have 
  suffered 
  severely 
  from 
  

   its 
  attacks. 
  

  

  The 
  larv£e 
  of 
  Sciara, 
  which 
  congregate 
  together 
  in 
  large 
  numbers 
  

   and 
  move 
  as 
  one 
  body, 
  attached 
  to 
  one 
  another, 
  head 
  and 
  tail, 
  are 
  

   called 
  by 
  our 
  German 
  citizens 
  "the 
  Army 
  Worm^' 
  {Heerwurm). 
  

  

  In 
  Europe 
  several 
  larvae 
  are 
  known 
  by 
  this 
  name, 
  particularly 
  the 
  

   €alocampa 
  exoleta 
  (Linn.). 
  

  

  The 
  Army 
  Worm 
  proper, 
  which 
  we 
  have 
  sometimes 
  called 
  the 
  ]S"orth- 
  

   ern 
  Army 
  Worm 
  to 
  better 
  distinguish 
  it,^^ 
  and 
  which 
  was 
  known 
  in 
  the 
  

   early 
  chronicles 
  as 
  "the 
  Black 
  Worm," 
  is 
  the 
  larva 
  of 
  a 
  iToctuid 
  moth, 
  

   known 
  as 
  Leucania 
  unipuncta 
  (Ha 
  worth). 
  

  

  The 
  history 
  of 
  its 
  synonymy 
  is 
  as 
  follows: 
  Upon 
  the 
  breaking 
  up 
  of 
  

   the 
  collection 
  of 
  Dr. 
  Francillon, 
  in 
  London, 
  a 
  specimen 
  of 
  this 
  moth, 
  

   without 
  locality 
  label, 
  fell 
  into 
  the 
  hands 
  of 
  Mr. 
  Haworth, 
  who 
  in 
  1810 
  

   described 
  it 
  in 
  his 
  Lepidoptera 
  Britannica 
  as 
  Noctua 
  unipuncta. 
  

  

  In 
  1829, 
  Stephens, 
  in 
  his 
  Illustrations 
  of 
  British 
  Entomology, 
  Haustel- 
  

   lata, 
  III, 
  p. 
  80, 
  published 
  a 
  description 
  of 
  it, 
  under 
  the 
  name 
  of 
  Noctua 
  

   impiincta 
  — 
  either 
  a 
  misprint 
  or 
  a 
  slip 
  of 
  the 
  pen 
  — 
  and 
  stated 
  that 
  its 
  

   habitat 
  was 
  unknown. 
  

  

  In 
  1850 
  (List 
  of 
  the 
  Lepidoptera 
  in 
  the 
  British 
  Museum, 
  p. 
  289), 
  the 
  

   same 
  author 
  corrected 
  his 
  previous 
  mistake 
  in 
  the 
  specific 
  name, 
  and 
  

   stated 
  the 
  insect 
  to 
  be 
  North 
  American. 
  In 
  1852, 
  Guen^e, 
  in 
  the 
  first 
  

   part 
  of 
  his 
  Noctuelites, 
  pp. 
  77, 
  78, 
  described 
  the 
  species 
  as 
  Leucania 
  

   esctranea^ 
  not 
  having 
  connected 
  it 
  with 
  Hawbrth's 
  species. 
  He 
  de- 
  

   scribed 
  it 
  from 
  numerous 
  exotic 
  specimens 
  in 
  Parisian 
  collections. 
  

  

  30 
  Though 
  the 
  insect 
  prevails 
  in 
  the 
  South, 
  yet 
  in 
  the 
  Cotton 
  States 
  it 
  rarely, 
  if 
  ever 
  attracts 
  the 
  same 
  

   attention 
  as 
  in 
  the 
  more 
  northern 
  States. 
  This 
  is 
  due, 
  in 
  our 
  judgment, 
  to 
  the 
  following 
  facts: 
  — 
  

  

  1st. 
  The 
  species, 
  both 
  in 
  the 
  larva 
  and 
  imago 
  states, 
  is 
  more 
  continuously 
  active 
  through 
  the 
  winter, 
  

   and 
  consequently 
  more 
  subject 
  to 
  destruction 
  by 
  birds 
  and 
  other 
  natural 
  enemies. 
  

  

  2d. 
  The 
  area 
  of 
  grain 
  and 
  grass 
  crops, 
  upon 
  which 
  it 
  feeds, 
  is 
  limited, 
  as 
  compared 
  with 
  cotton, 
  upon 
  

   which 
  it 
  does 
  not 
  feed. 
  

  

  