﻿THE 
  ARMY 
  WORM: 
  DATES 
  OF 
  INJURIOUS 
  BROOD. 
  113 
  

  

  winter 
  grain 
  during 
  these 
  months. 
  The 
  winter 
  was 
  unusually 
  mild 
  and 
  

   open 
  and 
  it 
  was 
  supposed 
  that 
  this 
  fact 
  accounted 
  for 
  the 
  so-called 
  un- 
  

   usual 
  appearances. 
  It 
  has 
  recently 
  been 
  proved, 
  however, 
  beyond 
  all 
  

   peradventure, 
  that, 
  over 
  a 
  large 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  country, 
  the 
  species 
  hiber- 
  

   nates 
  in 
  the 
  larva 
  state, 
  and 
  that 
  in 
  favorable 
  seasons 
  the 
  hibernating 
  

   brood 
  may 
  be 
  injurious 
  to 
  crops. 
  It 
  is, 
  however, 
  usually 
  the 
  immediate 
  

   descendants 
  of 
  these 
  hibernating 
  worms 
  which 
  compose 
  the 
  injurious 
  

   brood. 
  During 
  the 
  past 
  winter 
  (1882) 
  young 
  hibernating 
  worms 
  were 
  

   found 
  in 
  Washington 
  in 
  January. 
  The 
  same 
  brood 
  was 
  injurious 
  to 
  

   winter 
  wheat 
  in 
  February 
  in 
  Alabama, 
  and, 
  in 
  early 
  March, 
  to 
  wheat 
  

   and 
  oats 
  near 
  Savannah, 
  Ga., 
  and 
  Columbia, 
  S. 
  0. 
  

  

  The 
  injurious 
  brood 
  usually 
  makes 
  its 
  appearance 
  in 
  Missouri 
  and 
  in 
  

   Virginia 
  in 
  May 
  j 
  in 
  Illinois, 
  southern 
  Ohio, 
  Delaware, 
  ^ew 
  Jersey, 
  

   and 
  Long 
  Island, 
  about 
  the 
  first 
  of 
  June. 
  From 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  June 
  to 
  

   the 
  first 
  of 
  July 
  it 
  is 
  found 
  in 
  Connecticut, 
  Massachusetts, 
  southern 
  

   and 
  central 
  l!^ew 
  York, 
  Pennsylvania, 
  northern 
  Indiana, 
  southern 
  

   Wisconsin, 
  and 
  Michigan. 
  From 
  the 
  latter 
  part 
  of 
  July 
  to 
  the 
  middle 
  

   of 
  August 
  it 
  appears 
  in 
  northern 
  ^ew 
  York 
  and 
  New 
  Hampshire, 
  in 
  

   Maine 
  and 
  southern 
  Canada, 
  Kew 
  Brunswick 
  and 
  Nova 
  Scotia. 
  

  

  Instances 
  are 
  not 
  wanting 
  also 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  immediate 
  descendants 
  

   of 
  this 
  second 
  brood 
  have 
  also 
  constituted 
  the 
  injurious 
  brood, 
  and 
  thus 
  

   occasioned 
  very 
  late 
  reports 
  of 
  " 
  first 
  appearances," 
  although 
  such 
  cases 
  

   are 
  rare. 
  Kirkpatrick, 
  in 
  his 
  1861 
  article 
  (Ohio 
  Agricultural 
  Eeport, 
  

   1860, 
  p. 
  351), 
  mentioned 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  in 
  Cuyahoga 
  County 
  (northern 
  

   Ohio) 
  the 
  worms 
  were 
  that 
  year 
  not 
  observed 
  until 
  the 
  first 
  of 
  August, 
  

   while 
  less 
  than 
  eighty 
  miles 
  south, 
  in 
  Shelby 
  County, 
  the 
  injurious 
  brood 
  

   pupated 
  June 
  16. 
  Another 
  instance 
  was 
  recorded 
  by 
  L. 
  O. 
  Howard, 
  

   in 
  the 
  New 
  York 
  Semi- 
  Weekly 
  Tribune^ 
  August 
  5, 
  1880, 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  

   worms 
  appeared 
  ''for 
  the 
  first 
  time 
  " 
  in 
  Scott 
  County, 
  Virginia 
  (one 
  of 
  

   the 
  extreme 
  southwest 
  counties 
  of 
  the 
  State), 
  July 
  29, 
  doing 
  great 
  

   damage 
  to 
  corn 
  and 
  German 
  millet, 
  while 
  the 
  previous 
  year 
  the 
  injuri- 
  

   ous 
  brood 
  pupated 
  in 
  Norfolk 
  County 
  about 
  May 
  30. 
  There 
  is 
  mucli 
  

   reason 
  also 
  for 
  supposing 
  that 
  the 
  brood 
  just 
  mentioned 
  was 
  the 
  in- 
  

   jurious 
  brood 
  in 
  the 
  Northeastern 
  States 
  in 
  1875 
  j 
  vide 
  the 
  following 
  

   from 
  our 
  Eighth 
  Missouri 
  Eeport 
  (1875) 
  : 
  

  

  There 
  may, 
  therefore, 
  be 
  a 
  difference 
  of 
  over 
  two 
  months 
  between 
  the 
  appearance 
  

   of 
  the 
  worms 
  in 
  southern 
  Missouri 
  or 
  Kentucky 
  and 
  in 
  Maine. 
  Thus 
  early 
  in 
  June 
  

   of 
  the 
  present 
  year, 
  when 
  I 
  left 
  home, 
  they 
  were 
  mowing 
  down 
  the 
  meadows 
  and 
  wheat 
  

   fields 
  in 
  central 
  Missouri 
  and 
  in 
  southern 
  Illinois, 
  Ohio, 
  Indiana, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  in 
  Ken- 
  

   tucky 
  ; 
  while 
  upon 
  arriving 
  in 
  New 
  York 
  two 
  months 
  later, 
  they 
  were 
  marching 
  

   through 
  the 
  oat 
  fields 
  of 
  Long 
  Island, 
  and 
  were 
  reported 
  very 
  generally 
  in 
  the 
  East- 
  

   em 
  States. 
  In 
  Maine 
  they 
  appeared 
  as 
  late 
  as 
  Se 
  ptember. 
  

  

  This 
  would 
  make 
  the 
  injurious 
  brood 
  on 
  Long 
  Island 
  in 
  early 
  August, 
  

   while 
  in 
  1880, 
  it 
  will 
  be 
  remembered, 
  they 
  were 
  causing 
  great 
  alarm 
  in 
  

   the 
  same 
  locality 
  during 
  the 
  first 
  week 
  in 
  June 
  ; 
  a 
  pretty 
  plain 
  case. 
  

   The 
  injurious 
  brood 
  of 
  late 
  July, 
  1881, 
  in 
  Illinois 
  and 
  Indiana, 
  may 
  also 
  

   have 
  been 
  an 
  example 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  fact. 
  

   8 
  E 
  

  

  