﻿120 
  REPORT 
  UNITED 
  STATES 
  ENTOMOLOGICAL 
  COMMISSION. 
  

  

  destroying 
  the 
  wheat 
  crop, 
  and 
  causing 
  a 
  great 
  deal 
  of 
  excitement 
  in 
  the 
  

   county. 
  

  

  In 
  March, 
  again, 
  they 
  were 
  working 
  injury 
  to 
  winter 
  grains 
  in 
  Georgia 
  

   aud 
  South 
  Carolina, 
  and 
  Mr. 
  Koebele, 
  as 
  already 
  stated, 
  found 
  worms 
  of 
  

   all 
  sizes 
  at 
  work 
  at 
  Savannah 
  and 
  Columbia. 
  Again, 
  in 
  the 
  first 
  week 
  

   in 
  May, 
  they 
  appeared 
  in 
  enormous 
  numbers 
  in 
  northern 
  Alabama 
  and 
  

   southern 
  Tennessee, 
  and 
  there 
  is 
  presumptive 
  evidence 
  that, 
  counting 
  

   the 
  hiberating 
  worms 
  as 
  the 
  first 
  brood, 
  these 
  worms 
  represented 
  the 
  

   third 
  brood 
  for 
  these 
  localities. 
  

  

  There 
  is 
  no 
  doubt 
  that 
  the 
  prevailing 
  theory 
  of 
  its 
  single-broodedness 
  

   was 
  a 
  result 
  merely 
  of 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  it 
  is 
  observed 
  in 
  excessive 
  numbers 
  

   only 
  once 
  during 
  the 
  year, 
  and 
  usually 
  when 
  wheat 
  is 
  just 
  about 
  ripen- 
  

   ing. 
  But, 
  as 
  we 
  showed 
  in 
  our 
  Missouri 
  Reports 
  (Eighth 
  and 
  Ninth), 
  

   the 
  worm 
  is 
  always 
  to 
  be 
  found 
  both 
  earlier 
  and 
  later 
  in 
  the 
  season, 
  but 
  

   attracts 
  no 
  attention 
  because 
  living 
  in 
  its 
  normal 
  cut- 
  worm 
  condition. 
  

  

  In 
  his 
  report 
  for 
  1880, 
  Professor 
  Thomas 
  has 
  a 
  lengthy 
  discussion 
  as 
  

   to 
  the 
  number 
  of 
  broods 
  — 
  the 
  most 
  extended 
  discussion, 
  in 
  fact, 
  yet 
  

   l)ublished. 
  Although 
  he 
  has 
  drawn 
  his 
  data 
  industriously 
  from 
  all 
  pub- 
  

   lished 
  sources, 
  they 
  are 
  still 
  very 
  insufficient, 
  and 
  he 
  has 
  committed 
  the 
  

   great 
  mistake 
  of 
  massing 
  together 
  statements 
  in 
  regard 
  to 
  the 
  length 
  of 
  

   life 
  of 
  the 
  insect 
  in 
  its 
  different 
  states, 
  from 
  Missouri 
  and 
  southern 
  111- 
  

   ijiois 
  to 
  Massachusetts, 
  taking 
  as 
  the 
  minimum 
  length 
  for 
  each 
  state 
  the 
  

   life 
  of 
  the 
  insect 
  in 
  that 
  state 
  when 
  reared 
  in 
  the 
  breeding 
  cage. 
  His 
  

   conclusions 
  seem 
  to 
  be, 
  although 
  it 
  is 
  difficult 
  to 
  get 
  at 
  them, 
  that, 
  while 
  

   in 
  the 
  South 
  there 
  may 
  be 
  more 
  than 
  two 
  broods, 
  in 
  Illinois 
  and 
  the 
  

   Eastern 
  States, 
  as 
  far 
  north 
  as 
  central 
  IsTew 
  York, 
  there 
  are 
  two, 
  and 
  two 
  

   only. 
  One 
  of 
  his 
  concluding 
  statements 
  is 
  : 
  '^Erom 
  these 
  facts, 
  we 
  be- 
  

   lieve 
  we 
  are 
  justified 
  in 
  concluding 
  that 
  it 
  is 
  impossible 
  for 
  a 
  third 
  brood 
  

   of 
  worms 
  to 
  be 
  produced, 
  which 
  shall 
  pass 
  the 
  winter, 
  in 
  this 
  State 
  [Illi- 
  

   nois], 
  as 
  Prof. 
  Riley 
  assumes, 
  in 
  his 
  articles 
  of 
  1880." 
  

  

  The 
  matter 
  of 
  hibernation 
  we 
  shall 
  consider 
  farther 
  on; 
  but 
  the 
  error 
  

   in 
  his 
  conclusion 
  as 
  to 
  the 
  impossibility 
  of 
  a 
  third 
  brood 
  in 
  Illinois 
  is 
  

   easily 
  shown 
  by 
  actual 
  observation. 
  

  

  In 
  1881 
  the 
  injurious 
  brood 
  in 
  Illinois, 
  according 
  to 
  the 
  observations 
  

   of 
  Mr. 
  Howard, 
  pupated 
  in 
  Iroquois 
  County 
  from 
  July 
  18 
  to 
  30, 
  the 
  first 
  

   moths 
  appearing 
  August 
  1. 
  Taking 
  into 
  consideration 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  in 
  

   former 
  years 
  the 
  injurious 
  brood 
  has 
  pupated 
  during 
  the 
  first 
  or 
  second 
  

   ^^ 
  eek 
  in 
  June, 
  and 
  calling 
  the 
  hibernating 
  brood 
  the 
  first, 
  this 
  injurious 
  

   brood 
  would 
  already 
  represent 
  the 
  third. 
  But 
  this 
  is 
  not 
  necessary 
  to 
  

   our 
  purpose. 
  Mr. 
  Coquillett, 
  working 
  for 
  the 
  En 
  tomological 
  Commission, 
  

   began 
  his 
  observations 
  July 
  14, 
  in 
  McHenry 
  County, 
  northern 
  Illinois. 
  

   He 
  found 
  an 
  injurious 
  brood 
  which 
  pupated 
  July 
  19, 
  and 
  gave 
  forth 
  the 
  

   first 
  moth 
  August 
  1. 
  August 
  3 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  moths 
  were 
  captured, 
  and 
  

   from 
  this 
  time 
  on 
  for 
  several 
  nights 
  several 
  were 
  captured 
  each 
  night, 
  after 
  

   which 
  no 
  more 
  were 
  seen. 
  August 
  18 
  a 
  young 
  Army 
  Worm 
  was 
  found 
  j 
  

   August 
  22 
  another, 
  and 
  August 
  2G 
  still 
  another. 
  The 
  first 
  week 
  in 
  Sep- 
  

  

  