﻿ENEMIES 
  OF 
  CANKER 
  WORMS. 
  

  

  177 
  

  

  parasites 
  prevent 
  the 
  hatching 
  of 
  the 
  eggs 
  wherein 
  they 
  are 
  bred, 
  and 
  

   as 
  they 
  seem 
  to 
  be 
  very 
  abundant, 
  they 
  must 
  be 
  of 
  great 
  use 
  in 
  prevent- 
  

   ing 
  the 
  increase 
  of 
  the 
  Canker 
  Worm. 
  Without 
  doubt 
  such 
  wisely- 
  

   appointed 
  means 
  as 
  these 
  were 
  once 
  enough 
  to 
  keep 
  within 
  due 
  bounds 
  

   these 
  noxious 
  insects 
  j 
  but, 
  since 
  our 
  forests, 
  their 
  natural 
  food, 
  and 
  

   our 
  birds, 
  their 
  greatest 
  enemies, 
  have 
  disappeared 
  before 
  the 
  woodman's 
  

   ax 
  and 
  the 
  sportsman's 
  gun, 
  we 
  are 
  left 
  to 
  our 
  own 
  ingenuity, 
  perse- 
  

   verance, 
  and 
  united 
  efforts, 
  to 
  contrive 
  and 
  carry 
  into 
  effect 
  other 
  means 
  

   for 
  checking 
  their 
  ravages. 
  

  

  Among 
  the 
  cannibal 
  insects 
  may 
  be 
  mentioned 
  the 
  Ground-beetles, 
  two 
  

   of 
  which 
  we 
  have 
  found 
  preying 
  upon 
  the 
  Spring 
  species, 
  namely, 
  the 
  

   Rummaging 
  Ground-beetle 
  {Galosoma 
  scrutator, 
  Fabr., 
  PI. 
  2, 
  Fig. 
  4), 
  a 
  

   large 
  and 
  beautiful 
  insect 
  with 
  golden-green 
  wing-covers, 
  and 
  having 
  

   the 
  rest 
  of 
  the 
  body 
  marked 
  with 
  violet-blue, 
  gold, 
  green, 
  and 
  coppery 
  

   and 
  the 
  Fiery 
  Ground-beetle 
  {Galosoma 
  calidimi, 
  Fabr., 
  PL 
  1, 
  Fig. 
  8), 
  a 
  

   black 
  species, 
  of 
  almost 
  equal 
  size, 
  with 
  copper-colored 
  spots 
  on 
  the 
  wing- 
  

   covers. 
  These 
  beetles 
  do 
  not 
  pursue 
  their 
  prey 
  by 
  flight, 
  although 
  they 
  

   can 
  fly, 
  but 
  they 
  are 
  very 
  active, 
  and 
  run 
  over 
  the 
  ground 
  in 
  search 
  of 
  

   soft-bodied 
  worms, 
  and 
  will 
  even 
  mount 
  upon 
  the 
  trunks 
  of 
  trees 
  for 
  the 
  

   same 
  purpose. 
  Mr. 
  Charles 
  R. 
  Dodge 
  informs 
  us 
  that 
  he 
  was 
  able 
  to 
  find 
  

   either 
  of 
  these 
  beetles, 
  almost 
  at 
  any 
  time 
  during 
  the 
  Canker 
  Worm 
  sea- 
  

   son, 
  upon 
  the 
  elm 
  trees 
  in 
  New 
  Haven, 
  Conn., 
  just 
  below 
  the 
  tin 
  bands 
  

   with 
  which 
  the 
  trees 
  were 
  protected. 
  The 
  15-spotted 
  Lady 
  -bird 
  [Mysia' 
  

   qumdecimpunctata), 
  he 
  states, 
  was 
  also, 
  met 
  with 
  in 
  the 
  same 
  situationi 
  

   earlier 
  in 
  the 
  season. 
  

  

  "The 
  Fraternal 
  Potter- 
  wasp 
  (Eumenes 
  fraterna, 
  Say), 
  is 
  stated 
  by- 
  

   Harris 
  to 
  store 
  her 
  cells 
  with 
  Canker 
  Worms, 
  often 
  gathering 
  eighteen 
  or 
  

   twenty 
  of 
  them 
  for 
  a 
  single 
  cell. 
  

   This 
  wasp 
  (Fig. 
  3 
  a) 
  is 
  quite 
  com- 
  

   mon 
  in 
  Saint 
  Louis 
  County, 
  Mis- 
  

   souri, 
  and 
  uses 
  other 
  species 
  be- 
  

   sides 
  Canker 
  Worms 
  as 
  food 
  for 
  its 
  

   young. 
  Its 
  clay 
  nest 
  (Fig. 
  3 
  6, 
  en- 
  

   tire 
  j 
  c, 
  the 
  same 
  cut 
  open 
  shortly 
  

   after 
  it 
  was 
  built, 
  showing 
  the 
  

   manner 
  in 
  which 
  it 
  is 
  compactly 
  

   crowded 
  with 
  green 
  worms) 
  may 
  

   often 
  be 
  found 
  attached 
  to 
  the 
  

   stems 
  of 
  the 
  Goldenrod 
  and 
  of 
  

   other 
  plants 
  in 
  the 
  open 
  air, 
  or 
  cemented 
  under 
  the 
  loose 
  bark 
  of 
  

   some 
  tree. 
  It 
  has 
  even 
  been 
  found 
  attached 
  to 
  the 
  leaves 
  of 
  a 
  decidu- 
  

   ous 
  plant, 
  where 
  it 
  must 
  necessarily 
  fall 
  to 
  the 
  ground 
  in 
  winter 
  and 
  

   lie 
  there 
  till 
  the 
  perfect 
  insect 
  issues 
  in 
  the 
  following 
  summer." 
  »^ 
  

  

  The 
  earliest 
  record 
  that 
  we 
  have 
  of 
  any 
  bird 
  being 
  an 
  enemy 
  to 
  Canker 
  

   Worms 
  is 
  in 
  Samuel 
  Deane 
  's 
  dictionary,^^ 
  where 
  the 
  name 
  of 
  the 
  bird 
  is 
  

  

  9J 
  2d 
  Eept. 
  Ins. 
  Mo., 
  p. 
  103. 
  

  

  9»New 
  Engl. 
  Farmer; 
  or 
  Goorgical 
  Dictionary: 
  verbum 
  Canker 
  Worm. 
  

   12 
  E 
  c 
  

  

  Fig. 
  d.—Eumenes 
  fraterna 
  : 
  a, 
  waap 
  ; 
  b, 
  cell 
  ; 
  

   c, 
  cell 
  cut 
  open. 
  (After 
  Riley.) 
  

  

  