﻿178 
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  UNITED 
  STATES 
  ENTOMOLOGICAL 
  COMMISSION. 
  

  

  not 
  given. 
  Probably 
  this 
  is 
  the 
  Cedar-bird 
  {Ampelis 
  cedrorum)^ 
  which 
  

   Professor 
  Peck 
  mentions 
  ia 
  his 
  prize 
  essay 
  as 
  Ampelis 
  garruhis. 
  

  

  Mr. 
  J. 
  W. 
  Eobson, 
  in 
  the 
  Westerti 
  Farmer 
  for 
  May, 
  1871, 
  gave 
  the 
  fol- 
  

   lowing 
  testimony 
  as 
  to 
  the 
  birds 
  which 
  destroy 
  this 
  worm 
  : 
  

  

  The 
  Blue-biid 
  destroys 
  large 
  numbers, 
  not 
  of 
  larvss 
  alone, 
  but 
  of 
  fnlly 
  developed 
  

   moths 
  in 
  the 
  fall, 
  and 
  again 
  in 
  the 
  spring 
  they 
  return 
  just 
  in 
  time 
  to 
  devour 
  the 
  in- 
  

   sect 
  as 
  it 
  emerges 
  from 
  the 
  soil. 
  

  

  The 
  Cedar-bird 
  is 
  another 
  enemy. 
  This 
  little 
  bird 
  is 
  a 
  gross 
  feeder, 
  and 
  when 
  the 
  

   Canker 
  Worms 
  appear 
  in 
  great 
  numbers, 
  as 
  they 
  sometimes 
  do, 
  it 
  will 
  come 
  in 
  large 
  

   flocks 
  and 
  feed 
  upon 
  them 
  day 
  after 
  day 
  till 
  the 
  p-st 
  is 
  subdued. 
  

  

  The 
  Butcher-bird 
  also 
  feeds 
  its 
  young 
  largely 
  upon 
  the 
  larva3. 
  We 
  well 
  remember 
  it 
  

   clearing 
  two 
  trees 
  literally 
  covered 
  with 
  this 
  caterpillar, 
  and 
  so 
  well 
  did 
  that 
  pair 
  of 
  

   Shrikes 
  do 
  their 
  work, 
  that 
  these 
  same 
  trees 
  have 
  not 
  been 
  troubled 
  with 
  the 
  insect 
  

   since. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  American 
  Naturalist 
  (v. 
  8, 
  p. 
  271), 
  Dr. 
  Packard 
  quotes 
  Mr. 
  C. 
  J. 
  

   ]\Iayiiard, 
  of 
  Ipswich, 
  Mass., 
  who 
  has 
  examined 
  the 
  stomachs 
  of 
  some 
  

   three 
  thousan<l 
  birds, 
  as 
  giving 
  the 
  following 
  formidable 
  list 
  of 
  species 
  

   which 
  devour 
  the 
  Canker 
  Worm 
  : 
  ^^ 
  

  

  In 
  answer 
  to 
  your 
  questions 
  relative 
  to 
  birds 
  eating 
  Canker 
  Worms 
  and 
  the 
  larvaB 
  

   -of 
  other 
  injurious 
  insects, 
  I 
  would 
  say 
  that 
  upon 
  examining 
  my 
  notes, 
  I 
  find 
  that 
  I 
  

   have 
  taken 
  Canker 
  Worms 
  from 
  the 
  stomachs 
  of 
  the 
  following 
  species 
  : 
  

  

  Red-eyed 
  Vireo 
  ( 
  Vireo 
  oUvaceus), 
  Song-sparrow 
  (Melospizamelodia), 
  Chickadee 
  (Parus 
  

   •atriGapillus), 
  Scarlet 
  Tanager 
  {Pyranga 
  ru'brd),^6hui 
  {Turdus 
  migratoriits), 
  Black-billed 
  

   Ouckoo 
  ( 
  Coccyzus 
  erythropMhalmus), 
  Wood 
  Pewee 
  ( 
  Contopus 
  virens), 
  Least 
  Pewee 
  (Enipi- 
  

   donax 
  minimus), 
  Wilson's 
  Thrush 
  ( 
  Turdus 
  fusoescens), 
  Black 
  and 
  White 
  Creepers 
  (Mnio- 
  

   tilia 
  raria), 
  Blue 
  Yellow-backed 
  Warbler 
  (Parnla 
  americana), 
  Maryland 
  Yellow-throat 
  

   {Geoihh/pls 
  tricltas), 
  Nashville 
  Warbler 
  (^Helmintliopluiga 
  ruficapilla), 
  Golden 
  -crowned 
  

   Thrush 
  (Seiurus 
  aurocapillus), 
  Chestnut-sided 
  Warbler 
  {Dendroica 
  pcnnsylvanica), 
  Yel- 
  

   low 
  Warbler 
  (D. 
  cestiva), 
  Black-aud-yellow 
  Warbler 
  (D. 
  maculosa), 
  Prairie 
  Warbler 
  

   (D. 
  discolor), 
  Black-polled 
  Warbler 
  (D. 
  striata), 
  Canada 
  Warbler 
  {Myiodioctes 
  canaden- 
  

   sis), 
  Eed-start 
  {Setophaga 
  ruticilla), 
  Cedar-bird 
  {Ampelis 
  cedronim). 
  Cat- 
  bird 
  {Mimus 
  

   carolinensis). 
  Purple 
  Finch 
  (Caipodacus 
  pmpureus), 
  White-winged 
  Cross-bill 
  {Curvii'os- 
  

   ira 
  leucopiera), 
  Chipping 
  Sparrow 
  {Spizella 
  socialis), 
  Indigo-bird 
  {Cyanospiza 
  cyaned), 
  

   Red-winged 
  Black-bird 
  (J 
  </e?aiMSj;/)ccni6'ews), 
  Cow 
  Black-bird 
  {Molotlmis 
  pecoris), 
  Bob- 
  

   o-link 
  (Dolichonyx.oryzivor.us), 
  Baltimore 
  Oriole 
  (Icttrus 
  haltimore). 
  

  

  Other 
  correspondents 
  mention 
  the 
  King-bird, 
  Purple 
  Grakle, 
  House 
  

   Pigeon, 
  all 
  the 
  Vireos, 
  Downy 
  Woodpecker, 
  Summer 
  Yellow-bird, 
  Blue- 
  

   bird, 
  Golden-winged 
  Woodpecker, 
  Golden 
  Kobin, 
  and 
  Yellow-billed 
  

   Cuckoo. 
  With 
  such 
  a 
  formidable 
  array 
  of 
  feathered 
  enemies, 
  the 
  sud- 
  

   den 
  disappearance 
  of 
  the 
  Canker 
  Worm, 
  for 
  a 
  term 
  of 
  years, 
  from 
  or- 
  

   chards 
  where 
  it 
  was 
  wont 
  to 
  play 
  havoc, 
  is 
  n^ 
  longer 
  to 
  be 
  wondered 
  at. 
  

  

  DESTRUCTIVENESS 
  OF 
  CANKER 
  WORMS. 
  

  

  The 
  apple 
  and 
  the 
  elm 
  trees 
  have, 
  perhaps, 
  no 
  enemies 
  that 
  cause 
  a 
  

   more 
  effective 
  and 
  universal 
  blight 
  than 
  ih^ 
  Canker 
  Worms. 
  Dr. 
  Le 
  

   Baron 
  names 
  the 
  Spring 
  species 
  as 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  five 
  enemies 
  of 
  the 
  apple 
  

   tree 
  which 
  hold 
  a 
  bad 
  pre-eminence, 
  aud 
  says 
  that 
  whilst 
  looking 
  at 
  the 
  

   ai»ple 
  trees 
  blasted 
  by 
  these 
  insects 
  he 
  was 
  struck 
  with 
  the 
  appropri- 
  

  

  ^Tlie 
  determination 
  of 
  th.e 
  species 
  of 
  the 
  worms 
  is, 
  howeyer, 
  subject 
  to 
  mucli 
  doubt. 
  

  

  