﻿184 
  EEPORT 
  UNITED 
  STATES 
  ENTOMOLOGICAL 
  COMMISSION. 
  

  

  The 
  editor 
  of 
  the 
  Ketv 
  England 
  Farmer 
  thinks 
  that 
  oil 
  and 
  rosin, 
  boiled 
  

   together 
  in 
  certain 
  proportions, 
  which 
  have 
  to 
  he 
  ascertained 
  by 
  "the 
  

   rule 
  of 
  thumb," 
  answers 
  a 
  better 
  purpose 
  than 
  tar, 
  because 
  it 
  does 
  not 
  

   dry 
  up 
  so 
  much 
  on 
  hot 
  days, 
  and 
  therefore 
  does 
  not 
  require 
  to 
  be 
  re- 
  

   newed 
  every 
  day, 
  as 
  tar 
  does. 
  

  

  The 
  methods 
  of 
  application 
  of 
  these 
  substances 
  have 
  been 
  as 
  diverse 
  

   as 
  the 
  substances 
  themselves. 
  They 
  have 
  been 
  applied 
  either 
  directly 
  

   around 
  the 
  body 
  of 
  the 
  tree, 
  or 
  over 
  a 
  broad 
  belt 
  of 
  clay-mortar, 
  or 
  on 
  

   strips 
  of 
  old 
  canvas, 
  on 
  sheep- 
  skin, 
  on 
  stiff' 
  paper, 
  on 
  the 
  under 
  side 
  of 
  

   a 
  horizontal 
  and 
  close-fitting 
  collar 
  of 
  boards 
  fastened 
  around 
  the 
  trunk, 
  

   or 
  on 
  four 
  boards 
  nailed 
  together, 
  like 
  a 
  box 
  without 
  top 
  or 
  bottom, 
  

   around 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  the 
  tree, 
  to 
  receive 
  the 
  application 
  on 
  the 
  outside. 
  

  

  Whatever 
  substance 
  is 
  used 
  must 
  be 
  renewed 
  as 
  often 
  as 
  it 
  becomes 
  

   dry 
  or 
  as 
  the 
  surface 
  ceases 
  to 
  be 
  sticky 
  or 
  becomes 
  coated 
  with 
  a 
  mass 
  

   of 
  captured 
  moths. 
  

  

  It 
  cannot 
  be 
  denied 
  that 
  it 
  requires 
  a 
  great 
  deal 
  of 
  time, 
  labor, 
  and 
  

   expense 
  to 
  continually 
  renew 
  these 
  applications 
  on 
  every 
  tree 
  In 
  a 
  large 
  

   orchard 
  during 
  so 
  many 
  months 
  of 
  the 
  year; 
  while 
  tlie 
  application 
  of 
  

   tar 
  directly 
  to 
  the 
  bark 
  is 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  injurious 
  to 
  the 
  trees. 
  For 
  these 
  

   reasons, 
  refuse 
  sorghum 
  molasses 
  will 
  be 
  found 
  much 
  better 
  than 
  tar 
  

   for 
  the 
  purpose, 
  as 
  it 
  does 
  not 
  harden 
  so 
  rapidly, 
  and 
  is 
  said 
  not 
  to 
  be 
  in- 
  

   jurious 
  to 
  the 
  tree. 
  In 
  neighborhoods 
  where 
  sorghum 
  is 
  grown, 
  it 
  is 
  

   also 
  much 
  cheaper. 
  It 
  inay 
  be 
  thickened 
  with 
  flour 
  to 
  bring 
  it 
  to 
  the 
  

   right 
  consistency 
  for 
  use. 
  If 
  tar 
  is 
  used, 
  it 
  should 
  be 
  entirely 
  scraped 
  

   from 
  the 
  bark 
  when 
  the 
  season 
  for 
  which 
  it 
  was 
  needed 
  is 
  over; 
  and 
  if 
  

   bandages 
  are 
  used 
  they 
  should 
  be 
  removed 
  at 
  the 
  same 
  time. 
  That 
  it 
  

   will 
  pay 
  to 
  do 
  this 
  work 
  in 
  orchards 
  where 
  the 
  Canker 
  Worm 
  is 
  known 
  

   to 
  be 
  numerous, 
  there 
  cannot 
  be 
  the 
  least 
  doubt. 
  The 
  old 
  adage, 
  " 
  What 
  

   is 
  worth 
  doing 
  at 
  all 
  is 
  worth 
  doing 
  well," 
  was 
  never 
  truer 
  than 
  in 
  fight- 
  

   ing 
  this 
  insect. 
  

  

  Mr. 
  B. 
  D. 
  W^lsh 
  calculates 
  the 
  cost 
  and 
  the 
  profit 
  in 
  the 
  following 
  

   way 
  : 
  ^^ 
  

  

  To 
  head 
  tlie 
  Canker 
  Worm, 
  therefore, 
  effectually, 
  the 
  trees 
  must 
  he 
  tarred 
  afresh 
  

   every 
  day 
  from 
  the 
  latter 
  end 
  of 
  October 
  to 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  May, 
  or 
  to 
  about 
  the 
  time 
  

   that 
  the 
  apple 
  leaves 
  are 
  completely 
  put 
  forth, 
  omitting 
  to 
  do 
  so 
  on 
  cold 
  days 
  in 
  the 
  

   dead 
  of 
  winter. 
  Call 
  the 
  whole 
  net 
  time 
  150 
  days, 
  to 
  be 
  on 
  the 
  safe 
  side. 
  A 
  man 
  

   could 
  certainly 
  tar 
  100 
  trees 
  in 
  an 
  hour, 
  which 
  would 
  make 
  150 
  hours, 
  or 
  fifteen 
  days' 
  

   work 
  for 
  saving 
  the 
  apple 
  crop 
  of 
  100 
  trees. 
  Put^work 
  as 
  high 
  as 
  you 
  please 
  and 
  

   apples 
  as 
  low 
  as 
  you 
  please, 
  and 
  the 
  operation, 
  viewed 
  as 
  a 
  question 
  of 
  dollars 
  and 
  

   cents, 
  is 
  most 
  certainly 
  a 
  paying 
  one. 
  

  

  "Apply 
  the 
  remedy 
  thoroughly 
  during 
  two 
  successive 
  years, 
  and 
  you 
  

   have 
  utterly 
  routed 
  the 
  enemy, 
  and 
  this 
  is 
  more 
  especially 
  the 
  case 
  

   where 
  an 
  orchard 
  is 
  not 
  in 
  too 
  close 
  ijroximity 
  to 
  the 
  timber, 
  or 
  to 
  

   slovenly 
  neighbors. 
  Fail 
  to 
  apply 
  the 
  remedy, 
  and 
  the 
  enemy 
  will, 
  

   in 
  all 
  probability, 
  rout 
  you. 
  The 
  reason 
  is 
  simple. 
  The 
  female 
  being 
  

   wingless, 
  the 
  insect 
  is 
  very 
  local 
  in 
  its 
  attacks, 
  sometimes 
  swarming 
  

  

  saPract. 
  Entom., 
  Y. 
  2, 
  p. 
  17. 
  

  

  