﻿194 
  REPORT 
  UNITED 
  STATES 
  ENTOMOLOGICAL 
  COMMISSION. 
  

  

  "Dr. 
  Long-. 
  My 
  brother's 
  orchard, 
  adjoiniDg 
  mine, 
  had 
  double 
  as 
  many 
  

   as 
  my 
  own. 
  He 
  fall 
  plowed, 
  and 
  has 
  very 
  few 
  left. 
  He 
  also 
  cites 
  the 
  

   case 
  of 
  an 
  old 
  orchard, 
  in 
  this 
  section, 
  that 
  was 
  almost 
  destroyed 
  by 
  

   them, 
  but 
  fall 
  plowing 
  has 
  almost, 
  if 
  not 
  entirely, 
  destroyed 
  them." 
  

  

  The 
  following 
  item, 
  from 
  the 
  New 
  York 
  Weekly 
  Tribune 
  of 
  February 
  

   26, 
  1869, 
  also 
  bears 
  on 
  this 
  point: 
  

  

  Canker 
  worms 
  destroyed 
  by 
  plowing. 
  — 
  Mr. 
  McNeil 
  Witherton, 
  in 
  answer 
  to 
  

   W. 
  V. 
  Monroe's 
  request 
  : 
  ^'I 
  will 
  state 
  that 
  I 
  tliiuk 
  that 
  the 
  Canker 
  Worm 
  can 
  be 
  de- 
  

   stroyed 
  by 
  plowing 
  the 
  ground 
  where 
  they 
  are 
  late 
  in 
  the 
  faU. 
  The 
  28th 
  of 
  Novem- 
  

   ber, 
  1867, 
  I 
  was 
  at 
  my 
  son 
  David's, 
  in 
  Wisconsin. 
  He 
  told 
  me 
  that 
  the 
  Canker 
  Worms 
  

   were 
  in 
  his 
  orchard, 
  and 
  had 
  injured 
  his 
  apple 
  trees 
  very 
  much 
  the 
  past 
  season; 
  that 
  

   a 
  man 
  who 
  owns 
  a 
  nursery 
  and 
  keeps 
  apple 
  trees 
  for 
  sale, 
  went 
  into 
  the 
  orchard 
  and 
  

   examined 
  the 
  trees 
  and 
  worms, 
  and 
  said 
  it 
  was 
  the 
  Canker 
  Worm 
  that 
  was 
  injuring 
  

   his 
  orchard. 
  I 
  told 
  him 
  that 
  about 
  fifty 
  years 
  ago 
  they 
  had 
  b^en 
  in 
  my 
  father's 
  or- 
  

   chard 
  some 
  six 
  years, 
  and 
  killed 
  a 
  large 
  number 
  of 
  the 
  trees 
  ; 
  tj^at 
  we 
  plowed 
  it 
  late 
  

   in 
  the 
  fall, 
  and 
  have 
  never 
  seen 
  the 
  Canker 
  Worm 
  there 
  since. 
  I 
  advised 
  him 
  to 
  

   plow 
  his 
  orchard 
  immediately. 
  The 
  next 
  day 
  he 
  plowed 
  it 
  as^ar 
  as 
  the 
  worms 
  had 
  

   been 
  in 
  it. 
  I 
  received 
  a 
  letter 
  from 
  him 
  a 
  few 
  weeks 
  ago, 
  stating 
  that 
  the 
  Canker 
  

   Worms 
  were 
  not 
  in 
  his 
  orchard 
  this 
  year, 
  and 
  those 
  trees 
  that 
  were 
  injured 
  and 
  not 
  

   killed 
  last 
  year 
  revived 
  some 
  this 
  year." 
  

  

  Mr. 
  Cyrus 
  Thomas 
  reprints, 
  in 
  the 
  Sixt]i 
  Illinois 
  Eeport, 
  1876, 
  p. 
  

   21, 
  an 
  extract 
  from 
  the 
  Western 
  Bural, 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  writer 
  states 
  that 
  

   in 
  the 
  last 
  of 
  June, 
  after 
  the 
  worms 
  had 
  left 
  the 
  trees 
  and 
  burrowed 
  in 
  

   the 
  ground, 
  he 
  plow^ed 
  or 
  summer 
  fallowed 
  one 
  of 
  his 
  orchards 
  which 
  

   had 
  been 
  eaten 
  j 
  he 
  afterwards 
  cross-plowed 
  it 
  and 
  sowed 
  it 
  with 
  rye. 
  

   The 
  next 
  year 
  he 
  caught 
  no 
  moths 
  in 
  this 
  orchard, 
  the 
  foliage 
  was 
  not 
  

   eaten 
  at 
  all, 
  and 
  he 
  had 
  a 
  good 
  crop 
  of 
  apples 
  on 
  it, 
  while 
  all 
  of 
  his 
  

   other 
  orchards, 
  though 
  tarred, 
  were 
  badly 
  eaten, 
  and 
  he 
  had 
  no 
  crop 
  of 
  

   apples 
  on 
  them. 
  

  

  ''Kow 
  there 
  is 
  no 
  doubt 
  but 
  late 
  fall 
  plowing 
  will 
  produce 
  somewhat 
  

   different 
  effects, 
  according 
  to 
  the 
  character 
  of 
  the 
  soil, 
  the 
  depth 
  of 
  the 
  

   plowing, 
  and 
  especially 
  the 
  species 
  of 
  the 
  insect 
  to 
  be 
  dealt 
  with, 
  but 
  

   that 
  it 
  is 
  more 
  'generally 
  beneficial 
  than 
  otherwise 
  as 
  a 
  means 
  against 
  

   the 
  spring 
  species 
  I 
  am 
  perfectly 
  convinced, 
  and 
  as 
  for 
  the 
  assertion 
  of 
  

   Mr. 
  William 
  P. 
  Lippincott, 
  of 
  Vernon, 
  Iowa, 
  made 
  some 
  time 
  ago, 
  in 
  the 
  

   loica 
  Homestead^ 
  namely, 
  that 
  it 
  left 
  the 
  ground 
  full 
  of 
  harbors 
  for 
  the 
  

   next 
  year's 
  breeding, 
  it 
  suffices 
  to 
  say 
  that 
  the 
  insect 
  does 
  not 
  breed 
  in 
  

   the 
  ground, 
  and, 
  holes 
  or 
  no 
  holes, 
  the 
  worms 
  will 
  penetrate 
  the 
  soil 
  

   whenever 
  the 
  time 
  arrives 
  to 
  change 
  to 
  chrysalis. 
  After 
  the 
  summer 
  

   months 
  the 
  insect 
  invariably 
  lies 
  in 
  the 
  chrysalis 
  state 
  snugly 
  entombed 
  

   in 
  a 
  little 
  earthen 
  cell 
  very 
  thinly 
  lined 
  with 
  silk, 
  from 
  two 
  to 
  six 
  inches 
  

   below 
  the 
  surface. 
  This 
  cell,, 
  though 
  frail, 
  is 
  a 
  sufficient 
  protection, 
  so 
  

   long 
  as 
  it 
  is 
  whole, 
  from 
  any 
  excess 
  of 
  moisture, 
  and 
  at 
  the 
  same 
  time 
  

   prevents 
  too 
  much 
  evaporation 
  in 
  case 
  of 
  summer 
  drought 
  or 
  dry 
  winter 
  

   freezing. 
  Here 
  the 
  distinction 
  between 
  the 
  two 
  species, 
  in 
  the 
  manner 
  

   in 
  which 
  the 
  cocoon 
  is 
  constructed, 
  is 
  particularly 
  important, 
  from 
  the 
  

   practical 
  standpoint. 
  

  

  