﻿200 
  REPORT 
  UNITED 
  STATES 
  ENTOMOLOGICAL 
  COMMISSION. 
  

  

  tlie 
  country 
  J 
  was 
  unusually 
  abundant," 
  and 
  *^in 
  parts 
  of 
  Maryland 
  and 
  

   Virginia 
  it 
  was 
  perhaps 
  more 
  destructive 
  than 
  it 
  had 
  ever 
  been 
  before." 
  

   At 
  what 
  year 
  the 
  Hessian 
  Fly 
  j&rst 
  occurred 
  in 
  the 
  New 
  England 
  

   States 
  is 
  uncertain 
  j 
  so 
  far 
  as 
  we 
  can 
  ascertain 
  it 
  was 
  first 
  noticed 
  at 
  

   New 
  Haven, 
  Conn., 
  in 
  1833, 
  by 
  Mr. 
  Herrick, 
  a 
  careful 
  entomologist, 
  but 
  

   without 
  doubt 
  it 
  was 
  introduced 
  from 
  New 
  York 
  early 
  in 
  the 
  century. 
  

   In 
  Lower 
  Canada 
  it 
  was, 
  according 
  to 
  Hind,^°® 
  between 
  1805 
  and 
  1816, 
  

   "prevalent 
  and 
  destructive 
  in 
  some 
  parts," 
  but 
  in 
  1830-'36 
  it 
  disap- 
  

   peared 
  in 
  Lower 
  Canada. 
  

  

  The 
  fly 
  first 
  appeared 
  in 
  1837 
  at 
  Paw 
  Paw, 
  Mich., 
  in 
  the 
  second 
  crop 
  

   sown 
  in 
  Yan 
  Buren 
  County 
  ; 
  none 
  had 
  been 
  raised 
  at 
  a 
  point 
  nearer 
  

   than 
  twelve 
  miles. 
  (D. 
  Woodman.) 
  

  

  The 
  Hessian 
  Fly 
  has 
  been 
  known 
  in 
  Person 
  County, 
  North 
  Carolina, 
  

   for 
  fifty 
  years 
  J 
  and 
  another 
  correspondent 
  writes 
  us 
  from 
  Goldsborough, 
  

   N. 
  C, 
  that- 
  

   Previous 
  to 
  the 
  period, 
  say 
  1840, 
  our 
  farmers 
  had 
  been 
  accustomed 
  to 
  sow 
  wheat 
  as 
  

   early 
  as 
  September, 
  but 
  a 
  fly, 
  called 
  by 
  them 
  the 
  '^ 
  Hessian 
  Fly," 
  so 
  depredated 
  that 
  

   they 
  deferred 
  sowing* 
  to 
  the 
  latter 
  part 
  of 
  November, 
  and 
  now, 
  generally, 
  to 
  " 
  between 
  

   the 
  Christmases" 
  (new 
  and 
  old 
  Christmas) 
  ; 
  their 
  crop 
  is 
  now 
  unmolested 
  by 
  the 
  Hes- 
  

   sian 
  or 
  any 
  other 
  fly. 
  

  

  The 
  losses 
  in 
  Pennsylvania 
  in 
  1842 
  were 
  heavy, 
  the 
  wheat 
  crop 
  of 
  the 
  

   State 
  being 
  estimated 
  at 
  20 
  jjer 
  cent, 
  less 
  than 
  in 
  the 
  preceding 
  year, 
  

   the 
  fly 
  being 
  the 
  principal 
  cause 
  of 
  the 
  loss. 
  At 
  this 
  year 
  Ohio 
  was 
  

   visited 
  by 
  it, 
  when 
  ^4t 
  appeared 
  to 
  be 
  increasing 
  so 
  much 
  that 
  serious 
  

   apprehensions 
  were 
  beginning 
  to 
  be 
  felt 
  respecting 
  its 
  future 
  ravages." 
  

   (Fitch.) 
  

  

  Great 
  havoc 
  in 
  many 
  fields 
  in 
  Maryland 
  and 
  Yirginia 
  was 
  committed 
  

   by 
  it 
  in 
  1843. 
  In 
  the 
  following 
  year 
  it 
  did 
  much 
  injury 
  in 
  northern 
  

   Indiana 
  and 
  Illinois 
  and 
  the 
  contiguous 
  parts 
  of 
  Michigan 
  and 
  Wiscon- 
  

   sin, 
  in 
  many 
  places 
  occasioning 
  '' 
  almost 
  a 
  total 
  failure 
  of 
  the 
  crops." 
  

   In 
  Michigan 
  the 
  wheat 
  crop 
  was 
  almost 
  an 
  entire 
  failure. 
  On 
  Long 
  Isl- 
  

   and, 
  at 
  Rochester, 
  N. 
  Y., 
  and 
  throughout 
  Pennsylvania 
  the 
  losses 
  this 
  

   year 
  were 
  severe; 
  the 
  following 
  year 
  it 
  did 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  injury 
  all 
  over 
  

   the 
  State 
  of 
  Illinois, 
  while 
  in 
  the 
  central 
  parts 
  of 
  Maryland 
  the 
  crops, 
  in 
  

   many 
  instances, 
  were 
  rendered 
  totally 
  worthless. 
  "In 
  Georgia, 
  more- 
  

   over, 
  its 
  ravages 
  in 
  the 
  counties 
  around 
  Milledgeville 
  are 
  said 
  to 
  have 
  

   been 
  dreadful; 
  whole 
  fields 
  were 
  totally 
  destroyed, 
  and 
  others 
  yielded 
  

   not 
  more 
  than 
  a 
  fourth 
  of 
  au 
  ordinary 
  crop." 
  ^ 
  

  

  In 
  1846, 
  in 
  the 
  upper 
  counties 
  of 
  Georgia, 
  it 
  was 
  said 
  '^the 
  fly 
  has 
  

   committed 
  such 
  ravages 
  upon 
  the 
  wheat 
  as 
  scarcely 
  to 
  leave 
  enough 
  

   seed 
  for 
  another 
  year." 
  Throughout 
  the 
  State 
  of 
  New 
  York 
  it 
  was 
  de- 
  

   structive 
  this 
  year; 
  in 
  the 
  western 
  section 
  the 
  loss 
  from 
  this 
  insect 
  was 
  

   estimated 
  at 
  not 
  less 
  than 
  500,000 
  bushels. 
  In 
  Maryland 
  this 
  same 
  year 
  

   (1846), 
  as 
  recorded 
  by 
  Fitch, 
  "so 
  great 
  ravages 
  have 
  not 
  been 
  commit- 
  

   ted 
  by 
  the 
  Hessian 
  Fly 
  since 
  1817. 
  On 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  best 
  land 
  wheat 
  has 
  

  

  "s 
  Essay 
  on 
  Insects 
  and 
  Diseases 
  injurioua 
  to 
  tlie 
  Wheat 
  Crops, 
  by 
  H. 
  Y. 
  Hind, 
  Toronto, 
  Canada, 
  

   1857, 
  8°, 
  p. 
  139. 
  

  

  