﻿LOSSES 
  OCCASIONED 
  BY 
  THE 
  ilESSIAN 
  FLY. 
  201 
  

  

  been 
  plowed 
  up, 
  and 
  other 
  portions 
  are 
  so 
  much 
  injured 
  that 
  they 
  will 
  

   not 
  be 
  w^orth 
  harvesting. 
  At 
  least 
  one-half 
  of 
  the 
  crop 
  of 
  Talbot 
  County 
  

   has 
  been 
  destroyed." 
  And 
  in 
  the 
  upper 
  counties 
  of 
  Georgia 
  it 
  is 
  said 
  

   ^'the 
  fly 
  has 
  committed 
  such 
  ravages 
  upon 
  the 
  wheat 
  as 
  scarcely 
  to 
  leave 
  

   enough 
  seed 
  for 
  another 
  year." 
  

  

  In 
  1847 
  the 
  losses 
  were 
  generally 
  widespread 
  but 
  light, 
  while 
  in 
  1849 
  

   it 
  was 
  destructive 
  in 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  counties 
  in 
  New 
  York, 
  and 
  especially 
  

   in 
  Ohio. 
  From 
  this 
  date 
  until 
  1853 
  it 
  was 
  not 
  destructive, 
  but 
  this 
  year 
  

   it 
  "committed 
  great 
  ravages 
  in 
  some 
  parts 
  of 
  Pennsylvania." 
  In 
  1854 
  

   it 
  was 
  destructive 
  in 
  Aroostook 
  County, 
  Maine, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  in 
  Michigan. 
  

  

  From 
  1855 
  to 
  1860 
  the 
  Hessian 
  Fly 
  attracted 
  little 
  attention 
  from 
  the 
  

   agricultural 
  community. 
  In 
  1860 
  the 
  fly 
  "had 
  reached 
  as 
  far 
  west 
  as 
  

   Iowa 
  and 
  Minnesota, 
  and 
  in 
  1863 
  the 
  wheat-fields 
  along 
  the 
  Detroit 
  and 
  

   Milwaukee 
  Eailroad 
  promised 
  nothing 
  because 
  of 
  the 
  ravages 
  of 
  this 
  

   pest." 
  (Professor 
  Cook.)^°* 
  In 
  1866 
  it 
  is 
  reported 
  to 
  have 
  occurred 
  in 
  

   Maryland, 
  Delaware, 
  and 
  Ohio, 
  and 
  in 
  1868, 
  according 
  to 
  a 
  writer 
  in 
  the 
  

   American 
  Entomologist, 
  about 
  Fond 
  da 
  Lac, 
  Wis., 
  "much 
  of 
  the 
  wheat 
  

   crop 
  was 
  damaged 
  by 
  it." 
  

  

  In 
  1871 
  it 
  was 
  generally 
  prevalent 
  throughout 
  the 
  Middle 
  States 
  from 
  

   South 
  and 
  Ii^orth 
  Carolina 
  and 
  Virginia 
  to 
  Missouri 
  northward; 
  also 
  oc- 
  

   <3urring 
  in 
  Kansas, 
  Georgia, 
  and 
  Minnesota, 
  and 
  in 
  1872 
  and 
  1873 
  was 
  

   destructive 
  and 
  widespread 
  in 
  Maryland, 
  Ohio, 
  ludiana, 
  Illinois, 
  and 
  

   ■eastern 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  western 
  Virginia, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  in 
  Michigan, 
  "as 
  also 
  in 
  

   the 
  States 
  south 
  and 
  west" 
  of 
  the 
  last-named 
  commonwealth. 
  

  

  In 
  1874 
  it 
  was 
  widespread, 
  but 
  much 
  less 
  destructive; 
  in 
  1875 
  and 
  

   1876 
  it 
  was 
  especially 
  destructive 
  in 
  Missouri, 
  Pennsylvania, 
  and 
  Vir- 
  

   ginia. 
  In 
  1876 
  "it 
  appeared 
  in 
  force 
  in 
  many 
  of 
  the 
  southern 
  counties 
  

   of 
  Michigan, 
  reaching 
  as 
  far 
  north 
  as 
  Mason, 
  in 
  Ingham 
  County, 
  caus- 
  

   ing 
  much 
  destruction." 
  (Professor 
  Cook.) 
  

  

  In 
  1877 
  the 
  losses 
  again 
  became 
  heavy 
  over 
  a 
  large 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  wheat 
  

   area. 
  At 
  Lawrence, 
  Kans., 
  the 
  early-sown 
  wheat 
  "suffered 
  a 
  good 
  deal 
  

   from 
  the 
  ravages 
  of 
  the 
  Hessian 
  Fly." 
  At 
  Gardner, 
  Kans., 
  all 
  early- 
  

   sown 
  wheat 
  " 
  was 
  full" 
  of 
  the 
  "flaxseed" 
  of 
  the 
  Hessian 
  Fly. 
  At 
  Saint 
  

   Genevieve, 
  Mo., 
  the 
  fly 
  was 
  "much 
  worse 
  than 
  for 
  years 
  past." 
  At 
  In- 
  

   dependence, 
  Mo., 
  the 
  crop 
  in 
  some 
  fields 
  was 
  nearly 
  a 
  failure. 
  In 
  Hen- 
  

   derson 
  County, 
  Kentucky, 
  while 
  prevalent, 
  only 
  one 
  wheat-field 
  was 
  

   ^^ 
  badly 
  damaged" 
  ; 
  while 
  in 
  Vanderburgh 
  County, 
  Indiana, 
  " 
  many 
  fields 
  

   were 
  infected." 
  In 
  central 
  Illinois 
  a 
  correspondent 
  of 
  the 
  Cultivator 
  

   and 
  Country 
  Gentleman 
  states 
  that 
  "the 
  Hessian 
  Fly 
  has 
  been 
  present 
  

   in 
  the 
  lower 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  winter- 
  wheat 
  region 
  for 
  several 
  years," 
  and 
  

   in 
  1877 
  "it 
  appears 
  that 
  the 
  Hessian 
  Fly 
  is 
  generally 
  present 
  in 
  greater 
  

   or 
  less 
  numbers 
  over 
  the 
  whole 
  winter- 
  wheat 
  region 
  ; 
  that 
  in 
  almost 
  every 
  

   case 
  it 
  has 
  attacked 
  and 
  done 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  damage 
  to 
  early-sown 
  wheat- 
  

   fields." 
  

  

  i<» 
  In 
  his 
  seventli 
  report, 
  written 
  apparently 
  iu 
  1862, 
  Dr. 
  Fitch 
  remarks: 
  "We 
  hear 
  of 
  it 
  at 
  the 
  present 
  

   time 
  as 
  very 
  destructive 
  in 
  niinois 
  and 
  souie 
  of 
  the 
  contiguous 
  States, 
  the 
  crop 
  in 
  many 
  wheat-fields 
  

   h&ing 
  totally 
  ruined 
  by 
  it." 
  

  

  