﻿RAVAGES 
  OF 
  THE 
  HESSIAN 
  FLY. 
  205 
  

  

  The 
  following 
  complete 
  account 
  of 
  the 
  appearances 
  in 
  1882 
  is 
  from 
  

   S])ecial 
  Eeport 
  No. 
  42 
  of 
  the 
  United 
  States 
  Agricultural 
  Department 
  

   (published 
  April, 
  1882) 
  : 
  

  

  In 
  a 
  large 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  wheat 
  area 
  there 
  has 
  been 
  absolute 
  freedoni 
  

   from 
  the 
  presence 
  of 
  this 
  pest 
  of 
  former 
  times. 
  It 
  has 
  been 
  reported 
  

   far 
  more 
  frequently 
  in 
  the 
  eastern 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  Ohio 
  Valley 
  than 
  m 
  

   the 
  western 
  and 
  beyond 
  the 
  Mississippi. 
  A 
  few 
  districts 
  on 
  the 
  Atlan- 
  

   tic 
  coast 
  have 
  suffered 
  from 
  its 
  visitations 
  ; 
  the 
  area 
  sown 
  in 
  August 
  

   and 
  very 
  early 
  in 
  September 
  receiving 
  its 
  exclusive 
  attention. 
  A 
  care- 
  

   ful 
  analysis 
  of 
  the 
  extent 
  of 
  local 
  injuries 
  is 
  given 
  in 
  the 
  following 
  par- 
  

   agraphs 
  : 
  

  

  ISIo 
  injury 
  is 
  reported 
  in 
  Kew 
  England, 
  except 
  a 
  little 
  in 
  Litchfield 
  

   County, 
  Connecticut, 
  confined 
  to 
  sandy 
  ground. 
  In 
  Wyoming 
  County^ 
  

   ]Sew 
  York, 
  fields 
  commenced 
  to 
  turn 
  yellow 
  in 
  spots 
  early 
  in 
  the 
  fall^ 
  

   and 
  the 
  loss 
  from 
  the 
  insect 
  is 
  estimated 
  at 
  10 
  per 
  cent. 
  Very 
  slight 
  

   diiniHge 
  is 
  reported 
  in 
  Genesee, 
  Ontario, 
  Niagara, 
  Columbia, 
  YateSy 
  

   Mom 
  oe, 
  and 
  Herkimer. 
  Scarcely 
  appreciable 
  loss 
  is 
  indicated 
  in 
  a 
  few 
  

   districts 
  in 
  New 
  Jersey, 
  mainly 
  in 
  Salem, 
  Warren, 
  Mercer, 
  and 
  Camden. 
  

  

  Pennsylvania 
  has 
  been 
  comparatively 
  exempt 
  from 
  insect 
  injury. 
  In 
  

   Iluntingdon, 
  a 
  loss 
  of 
  20 
  per 
  cent, 
  is 
  reported; 
  in 
  Lancaster, 
  one-sixth,, 
  

   froui 
  too 
  early 
  seeding. 
  On 
  some 
  farms 
  in 
  Franklin 
  large 
  losses 
  occurred. 
  

   Very 
  slight 
  injury 
  is 
  reported 
  in 
  Lawrence. 
  Westmoreland, 
  Susque- 
  

   hanna, 
  Clinton, 
  Franklin, 
  Bradford, 
  and 
  Dauphin 
  are 
  among 
  the 
  coun- 
  

   ties 
  wbere 
  the 
  presence 
  of 
  the 
  fly 
  has 
  been 
  observed, 
  though 
  the 
  dam- 
  

   age 
  is 
  small. 
  

  

  Maryland 
  wheat 
  has 
  sufiered 
  very 
  slight 
  loss 
  by 
  the 
  fly, 
  in 
  most 
  cases 
  

   scarcely 
  worth 
  mentioning. 
  It 
  is 
  avoided 
  by 
  late 
  seeding. 
  

  

  In 
  Wisconsin 
  the 
  loss 
  is 
  estimated 
  at 
  10 
  per 
  cent. 
  Considerable 
  in- 
  

   jury 
  was 
  caused 
  in 
  Dorchester 
  by 
  a 
  worm 
  one-fourth 
  inch 
  long 
  working 
  

   uuder 
  ground. 
  

  

  In 
  Virginia, 
  the 
  only 
  counties 
  mentioning 
  the 
  appearance 
  of 
  the 
  pest 
  

   are 
  Caroline, 
  Westmoreland, 
  Greenville, 
  King 
  and 
  Queen, 
  and 
  Fairfax^ 
  

   in 
  no 
  instance 
  amounting 
  to 
  an 
  ax>preciable 
  infliction. 
  A 
  large 
  number 
  

   of 
  North 
  Carolina 
  counties 
  are 
  declared 
  exempt, 
  Chatham, 
  Montgomery,, 
  

   and 
  Yancey 
  being 
  the 
  only 
  exceptions. 
  In 
  Fairfield 
  County, 
  South 
  

   Carolina, 
  a 
  few 
  fields 
  were 
  damaged 
  25 
  per 
  cent. 
  Elsewhere 
  the 
  insect 
  

   was 
  scarcely 
  known. 
  

  

  Greater 
  losses 
  occurred 
  farther 
  south 
  in 
  the 
  early 
  planted 
  areaSy 
  

   esi)ecially 
  in 
  Georgia. 
  The 
  loss 
  in 
  Worth 
  County 
  is 
  assumed 
  to 
  be 
  30 
  

   per 
  cent. 
  ; 
  in 
  Quitman, 
  25 
  ; 
  in 
  Talbot 
  and 
  Meriwether, 
  10; 
  in 
  Putnam, 
  5. 
  

   The 
  appearance 
  of 
  the 
  fly 
  is 
  also 
  noted 
  in 
  Walker, 
  Wilkes, 
  Eandolph^ 
  

   Marion, 
  Dawson, 
  Crawford, 
  Campbell, 
  Bibb, 
  Heard, 
  Polk, 
  McDuffie,. 
  

   Clark, 
  and 
  Catoosa. 
  Alabama 
  has 
  been 
  comparatively 
  exempt; 
  though 
  

   in 
  parts 
  of 
  Randolph 
  County 
  the 
  injury 
  was 
  severe. 
  In 
  Saint 
  Clair 
  the 
  

   loss 
  amounted 
  to 
  10 
  per 
  cent. 
  ; 
  and 
  slight 
  damage 
  occurred 
  in 
  Lee, 
  Mar- 
  

  

  