﻿214 
  EEPORT 
  UNITED 
  STATES 
  ENTOMOLOGICAL 
  COMMISSION. 
  

  

  where 
  there 
  was 
  a 
  ridge 
  or 
  worn 
  point, 
  or 
  wliere 
  the 
  rock 
  cropped 
  nearer 
  the 
  surface, 
  

   the 
  wheat 
  appeared 
  injured 
  or 
  dead, 
  as 
  also 
  when 
  sown 
  after 
  spring 
  grain, 
  particu- 
  

   larly 
  oats. 
  That 
  the 
  fly 
  either 
  enters 
  the 
  ground 
  or 
  remains 
  in 
  the 
  dry 
  stubble 
  till 
  

   the 
  size 
  of 
  the 
  Avlieat 
  affords 
  a 
  lodgment, 
  appears 
  true. 
  As 
  an 
  instance, 
  I 
  note 
  the 
  

   following 
  facts 
  : 
  An 
  acre 
  of 
  potato 
  ground 
  of 
  1876 
  was 
  sown 
  to 
  oats 
  in 
  1877. 
  It 
  was 
  

   in 
  fair 
  condition, 
  and 
  a 
  heav^'- 
  crop 
  was 
  secured. 
  Surrounding 
  this 
  piece 
  of 
  oats 
  on 
  

   three 
  sides 
  was 
  a 
  meadow, 
  the 
  highway 
  bordering 
  the 
  other 
  side. 
  A 
  good 
  crop 
  of 
  

   iiay 
  was 
  taken 
  in 
  June, 
  and 
  the 
  field 
  was 
  all 
  plowed 
  in 
  July. 
  The 
  after 
  cultivation 
  

   was 
  the 
  same, 
  putting 
  the 
  field 
  in 
  an 
  excellent 
  condition 
  for 
  the 
  crop. 
  Seeding 
  was 
  

   throqgh 
  early 
  in 
  September, 
  and 
  in 
  a 
  few 
  days 
  the 
  whole 
  field 
  was 
  nearly 
  covered 
  

   with 
  the 
  growing 
  wheat, 
  and 
  was 
  very 
  ranch 
  admired, 
  botli 
  for 
  its 
  beautiful 
  green 
  

   and 
  its 
  superior 
  culture. 
  All 
  at 
  once 
  the 
  wheat 
  on 
  the 
  oat 
  stubble 
  was 
  turning 
  very 
  

   yellow, 
  in 
  strong 
  contrast 
  to 
  tlie 
  deep 
  green 
  on 
  the 
  surrounding 
  meadow. 
  In 
  the 
  

   liollows, 
  on 
  the 
  accumulated 
  wash, 
  of 
  ages, 
  the 
  wheat 
  was 
  very 
  large 
  and 
  kept 
  green 
  

   and 
  growing; 
  while 
  on 
  the 
  sharp 
  points 
  of 
  knolls 
  and 
  hard 
  clay 
  ridges, 
  it 
  was 
  nearly 
  

   ;gone. 
  On 
  a 
  piece 
  of 
  new 
  land 
  near 
  by, 
  where 
  never 
  a 
  kernel 
  of 
  grain 
  was 
  grown 
  be- 
  

   fore, 
  no 
  fly 
  or 
  injury 
  could 
  be 
  seen. 
  

  

  The 
  appearance 
  of 
  the 
  fly 
  was 
  general, 
  as 
  soon 
  as 
  one 
  or 
  two 
  leaves 
  gave 
  thiem 
  a 
  

   lodgment. 
  Owing 
  to 
  the 
  superior 
  warmth 
  and 
  moisture 
  of 
  the 
  entire 
  fall 
  months, 
  

   m'heat 
  sowed 
  on 
  strong 
  land 
  tillered 
  largely. 
  ^ 
  The 
  insects 
  took 
  the 
  first 
  tiller 
  and 
  

   sStuck 
  to 
  it, 
  while 
  two 
  and 
  even 
  four 
  others 
  came 
  out 
  and 
  covered 
  tlie 
  ground. 
  On 
  

   |w<orer 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  field 
  the 
  jolant 
  could 
  not 
  tiller 
  so 
  much, 
  and 
  here 
  the 
  injury 
  showed 
  

   most. 
  Up 
  to 
  this 
  date 
  the 
  crop 
  has 
  wintered 
  well, 
  a 
  deep 
  layer 
  of 
  snow 
  now 
  keeps 
  

   insects 
  and 
  wheat 
  alike. 
  About 
  the 
  1st 
  of 
  May 
  this 
  entire 
  brood 
  Avill 
  be 
  ready 
  to 
  de- 
  

   f)osit 
  their 
  eggs, 
  and 
  they 
  will 
  number 
  millions. 
  

  

  That 
  a 
  field 
  of 
  wheat 
  may 
  recuperate 
  after 
  a 
  favorable 
  winter, 
  and 
  

   tiow 
  such 
  a 
  field 
  looks 
  early 
  in 
  the 
  following 
  June, 
  is 
  well 
  brought 
  out 
  

   hj 
  the 
  following 
  extract 
  from 
  the 
  Prairie 
  Farmer: 
  

  

  The 
  early 
  sown 
  wheat 
  that 
  was 
  badly 
  eaten 
  by 
  the 
  Hessian 
  Fly 
  last 
  fall, 
  but 
  which 
  

   lias 
  been 
  apparently 
  entirely 
  recuperated 
  by 
  the 
  remarkably 
  favorable 
  winter 
  and 
  

   spring 
  just 
  passed, 
  is 
  more 
  seriously 
  damaged 
  by 
  the 
  insect 
  tlian 
  many 
  farmers 
  are 
  

   probably 
  aware 
  of. 
  I 
  visited 
  to-day 
  a 
  thirty-acre 
  field, 
  sowed 
  on 
  the 
  5th, 
  6th, 
  and 
  7th 
  

   <days 
  of 
  September. 
  Early 
  in 
  October 
  it 
  looked 
  very 
  badly 
  — 
  was 
  yellow 
  and 
  showed 
  

   t)are 
  ground 
  in 
  n;iany 
  places, 
  and 
  the 
  plants 
  for 
  a 
  long 
  time 
  seemed 
  to 
  be 
  dwindling 
  

   and 
  growing 
  smaller. 
  The 
  fine 
  spring, 
  however, 
  brought 
  it 
  out 
  apparently 
  all 
  right. 
  

   It 
  now 
  stands 
  five 
  feet 
  four 
  to 
  six 
  inches 
  high, 
  very 
  well 
  headed, 
  and 
  seemingly 
  good 
  

   £or 
  from 
  thirty 
  to 
  thirty-five 
  bushels 
  to 
  the 
  acre. 
  I 
  examined 
  the 
  field 
  carefully 
  in 
  ten 
  

   places, 
  taking 
  twenty 
  wheat 
  stalks 
  as 
  they 
  stood 
  in 
  the 
  drill 
  row 
  at 
  each 
  place, 
  with 
  

   this 
  result: 
  Number 
  of 
  stalks 
  examined, 
  200; 
  number 
  of 
  stalks 
  contaiuing 
  the 
  fly, 
  

   134, 
  or 
  two-thirds 
  of 
  the 
  whole. 
  Many 
  of 
  the 
  stalks, 
  however, 
  had 
  only 
  one 
  larva, 
  and 
  

   these 
  will 
  probably 
  not 
  be 
  much 
  affected. 
  The 
  insects 
  are 
  all 
  of 
  full 
  size, 
  of 
  a 
  chest- 
  

   nut 
  color, 
  and 
  plainly 
  visible 
  in 
  the 
  lowest 
  joint 
  and 
  the 
  one 
  next 
  above 
  — 
  about 
  twice 
  

   as 
  many 
  were 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  lower 
  joint 
  as 
  in 
  the 
  upi>er 
  one. 
  This, 
  I 
  suppose, 
  indicates 
  

   a 
  loss 
  to 
  the 
  crop 
  of 
  from 
  30 
  to 
  50 
  per 
  cent. 
  

  

  We 
  had 
  heavy 
  rains 
  on 
  the 
  8th, 
  9th, 
  and 
  10th 
  of 
  September, 
  I 
  think, 
  which 
  sus- 
  

   pended 
  the 
  operation 
  of 
  seeding 
  till 
  the 
  12th 
  or 
  after. 
  This 
  seems 
  to 
  be 
  the 
  dividing 
  

   line, 
  separating 
  the 
  fields 
  badly 
  damaged 
  from 
  those 
  that 
  escaped 
  with 
  little 
  injury. 
  

   In 
  a 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  field 
  (potato 
  ground) 
  sowed, 
  near 
  the 
  last 
  of 
  September, 
  with 
  

   the 
  same 
  kind 
  of 
  wheat, 
  the 
  number 
  of 
  plants 
  examined 
  was 
  100; 
  affected 
  with 
  fly, 
  

   12. 
  In 
  other 
  fields 
  the 
  rate 
  was 
  four 
  to 
  six 
  to 
  the 
  hundred. 
  

  

  Many 
  fields 
  of 
  Mediterranean 
  are 
  lodging. 
  The 
  Clawson 
  stands 
  well, 
  and 
  by 
  

  

  