﻿INFLUENCE 
  OF 
  WEATHER 
  ON 
  THE 
  HESSIAN 
  ELY. 
  215 
  

  

  reason 
  of 
  its 
  stiff 
  straw 
  aud 
  vi<2;oron8 
  growth 
  promises 
  to 
  withstand 
  the 
  ravages 
  of 
  the 
  

   fly 
  better 
  than 
  the 
  more 
  feebly-growing 
  and 
  weaker-strawed 
  sorts. 
  

  

  AEVINE 
  C. 
  WALES. 
  

   Stark 
  County, 
  Ohio, 
  June 
  7. 
  

  

  AnotLer 
  extract 
  from 
  the 
  Culiivator 
  and 
  Country 
  Gentleman 
  bears 
  di- 
  

   rectly 
  ou 
  this 
  imx:)ortant 
  point. 
  

  

  There 
  is 
  a 
  dispute 
  among 
  good 
  farmers 
  whether 
  wheat 
  injured 
  by 
  the 
  Hessian 
  Fly 
  

   is 
  irreparably 
  damaged. 
  Mr. 
  F. 
  G. 
  Eoot 
  thinks 
  it 
  is, 
  as 
  he 
  says 
  Avhen 
  the 
  central 
  stalk 
  

   is 
  eaten 
  out 
  the 
  plant 
  is 
  either 
  dead, 
  or 
  able 
  to 
  make 
  only 
  a 
  feeble 
  growth. 
  If 
  it 
  

   makes 
  a 
  head, 
  it 
  will 
  perfect 
  only 
  one 
  or 
  two 
  seeds 
  to 
  a 
  plant. 
  Mr. 
  Jesse 
  Dewey 
  quali- 
  

   fies 
  this 
  statement 
  thus: 
  If 
  the 
  land 
  is 
  rich 
  enough, 
  though 
  the 
  central 
  stalk 
  be 
  injured, 
  

   the 
  whent 
  plant 
  will 
  stool, 
  and 
  from 
  its 
  side 
  roots 
  sends 
  up 
  stalks 
  and 
  perfect 
  a 
  fair 
  

   crop. 
  I 
  have 
  no 
  doubt 
  that 
  both 
  of 
  these 
  excellent 
  farmers 
  are 
  right. 
  On 
  the 
  great 
  

   majority 
  of 
  fields, 
  the 
  injury 
  to 
  the 
  wheat 
  plant 
  in 
  the 
  fall 
  means 
  the 
  destruction 
  of 
  

   the 
  crop. 
  When 
  the 
  central 
  plant 
  has 
  been 
  injured, 
  the 
  side 
  shoots 
  have 
  not 
  enough 
  

   vitality 
  to 
  perfect 
  much 
  seed. 
  Yet 
  there 
  may 
  be 
  land 
  rich 
  enough 
  to 
  make 
  a 
  crop 
  from 
  

   the 
  second 
  growth, 
  provided 
  the 
  Hessian 
  Fly 
  next 
  spring 
  is 
  not 
  numeroos 
  enough 
  to 
  

   do 
  serious 
  damage. 
  ' 
  Very 
  much 
  now 
  depends 
  on 
  the 
  character 
  of 
  the 
  coming 
  winter. 
  

   A 
  season 
  which, 
  under 
  ordinary 
  circumstances, 
  would 
  be 
  favorable, 
  may 
  also 
  save 
  

   myriads 
  of 
  Hessian 
  Flies. 
  There 
  was 
  much 
  more 
  '' 
  crinkled" 
  wheat 
  last 
  sunmier 
  thaa 
  

   usual, 
  and 
  I 
  have 
  little 
  doubt 
  that 
  the 
  cause 
  is 
  to 
  be 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  heavy 
  mantle 
  of 
  

   snow, 
  which 
  preserved 
  a 
  greater 
  number 
  than 
  usual 
  of 
  the 
  Hessian 
  Flies 
  through 
  the 
  

   winter. 
  The 
  wheat 
  crop 
  this 
  fall 
  would 
  have 
  suffered 
  more 
  than 
  usual 
  in 
  any 
  event, 
  

   but 
  the 
  evil 
  has 
  been 
  greatly 
  aggravated 
  by 
  the 
  warm 
  and 
  generally 
  dry 
  weather 
  after 
  

   wheat-sowing. 
  We 
  had 
  no 
  killing 
  frost 
  until 
  near 
  November, 
  nor 
  frost 
  of 
  any 
  kind 
  

   until 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  October. 
  With 
  frosts 
  in 
  their 
  usual 
  season, 
  and 
  not 
  sowing 
  too 
  

   late, 
  there 
  need 
  be 
  little 
  danger 
  from 
  the 
  Hessian 
  Fly. 
  But 
  it 
  is 
  the 
  poorness 
  of 
  the 
  

   soil 
  which 
  leads 
  farmers, 
  year 
  by 
  year, 
  to 
  sow 
  their 
  wheat 
  earlier 
  in 
  order 
  to 
  get 
  a 
  

   larger 
  growth. 
  Making 
  the 
  soilricher 
  removes 
  the 
  difficulty 
  by 
  removing 
  its 
  original 
  

   and 
  x>rincipal 
  cause. 
  — 
  W. 
  J. 
  F., 
  Monroe 
  County, 
  N. 
  Y. 
  

  

  INFLUENCE 
  OF 
  THE 
  WEATHER 
  AND 
  FAVORABLE 
  AND 
  UNFAVORABLE 
  

  

  SEASONS. 
  

  

  To 
  properly 
  discuss 
  tbis 
  very 
  important 
  subject 
  would 
  require 
  an 
  inti- 
  

   mate 
  knowledge 
  of 
  the 
  meteorological 
  conditions 
  and 
  the 
  relative 
  abun- 
  

   dance 
  or 
  rarity 
  of 
  the 
  Hessian 
  Fly 
  during 
  each 
  year 
  since 
  its 
  first 
  ap- 
  

   pearance 
  in 
  this 
  country 
  in 
  1776. 
  All 
  that 
  we 
  can 
  say 
  with 
  our 
  present 
  

   exceedingly 
  imi)erfect 
  knowledge 
  bears 
  but 
  slightly 
  on 
  this 
  point 
  and 
  

   must 
  be 
  considered 
  as 
  simply 
  provisional. 
  We 
  may 
  here 
  quote 
  from 
  

   the 
  Cultivator 
  and 
  Coimtry 
  Gentleman 
  what 
  has 
  been 
  stated 
  by 
  Mr. 
  Eiley 
  

   in 
  speaking 
  of 
  the 
  condition 
  of 
  the 
  Hessian 
  Fly 
  in 
  1877: 
  

  

  The 
  Hessian 
  Fly 
  is 
  rather 
  an 
  inse 
  ct 
  of 
  moist 
  climates 
  and 
  mild 
  latitudes 
  ; 
  and 
  there- 
  

   fore, 
  unlike 
  the 
  chinch-bug, 
  its 
  multiplication 
  has 
  been 
  favored 
  by 
  the 
  cool 
  and 
  wet 
  

   summers 
  and 
  autumns 
  of 
  the 
  last 
  three 
  years. 
  While 
  the 
  rainy 
  period 
  which 
  as 
  a 
  gen- 
  

   eral 
  statement 
  may 
  be 
  said 
  to 
  have 
  commenced 
  in 
  May, 
  1875, 
  and 
  continued 
  to 
  the 
  

   i:)resent 
  date, 
  and 
  during 
  which 
  time 
  there 
  have 
  neither 
  been 
  severe 
  droughts 
  nor 
  con- 
  

   tinued 
  summer 
  heats, 
  the 
  chinch-bug 
  has 
  so 
  nearly 
  disappeared 
  that 
  its 
  depredations 
  

   have 
  been 
  scarcely 
  noticed, 
  the 
  Hessian 
  Fly 
  has 
  developed 
  and 
  thrived, 
  and 
  to 
  the 
  

   extent 
  that 
  if 
  the 
  weather 
  favors 
  — 
  that 
  is, 
  if 
  from 
  now 
  to 
  harvest 
  it 
  should 
  con- 
  

   tinue 
  cool 
  and 
  moist 
  or 
  warm 
  and 
  wet 
  — 
  the 
  damage 
  likely 
  to 
  be 
  done 
  to 
  the 
  incoming 
  

  

  