﻿REMEDIES, 
  PEEVENTIVE 
  AND 
  GENERAL. 
  ' 
  223- 
  

  

  Hessian 
  Fly, 
  less 
  wheat 
  Ibeing 
  harvested 
  than 
  was 
  sown. 
  It 
  is 
  generally 
  conceded 
  

   that 
  there 
  are 
  two 
  crops, 
  or 
  hatchings, 
  of 
  the 
  fly 
  during 
  the 
  growth 
  of 
  the 
  wheat: 
  the 
  

   first 
  in 
  the 
  fall 
  and 
  working 
  until 
  frost 
  comes 
  ; 
  the 
  second 
  in 
  the 
  spring, 
  and 
  continu- 
  

   ing 
  its 
  depredations 
  until 
  harvest. 
  Late 
  sowing 
  is 
  generally 
  recommended 
  as 
  a 
  pre- 
  

   ventive. 
  Why 
  should 
  it 
  be 
  so? 
  How 
  do 
  you 
  account 
  for 
  the 
  fly 
  working 
  in 
  wheat 
  

   growing 
  on 
  warm 
  gravelly 
  land, 
  while 
  that 
  on 
  the 
  moist 
  soil 
  escaped 
  harm. 
  ? 
  If, 
  as 
  

   above 
  assumed, 
  there 
  are 
  two 
  crops 
  of 
  insects 
  hatched 
  per 
  year, 
  how 
  does 
  late 
  sowing 
  

   prevent 
  their 
  depredations 
  ? 
  And 
  how 
  can 
  you 
  account 
  for 
  the 
  loss 
  of 
  the 
  spring. 
  

   wheat 
  crop 
  mentioned 
  ? 
  Where 
  was 
  the 
  first 
  or 
  small 
  crop 
  hatched, 
  and 
  whore 
  did 
  the 
  

   flies 
  remain 
  until 
  spring? 
  Fresh 
  lime 
  is 
  recommended 
  as 
  preventing 
  the 
  ravages 
  of 
  

   this 
  pest; 
  can 
  you 
  tell 
  me 
  at 
  what 
  particular 
  time, 
  spring 
  or 
  fall, 
  the 
  lime 
  should 
  be 
  

   sown 
  to 
  cause 
  the 
  greatest 
  destruction 
  of 
  the 
  fly 
  ? 
  Any 
  information 
  from 
  the 
  club 
  on 
  

   the 
  subject 
  will 
  be 
  thankfully 
  received. 
  

  

  J. 
  S. 
  Van 
  Duzer. 
  It 
  must 
  not 
  be 
  assumed 
  that 
  the 
  flies 
  which 
  damaged 
  the 
  spring, 
  

   wheat 
  were 
  hatched 
  in 
  that 
  field. 
  The 
  parent 
  flies 
  may 
  have 
  come 
  from 
  a 
  distant 
  

   field. 
  

  

  President 
  Hoffman. 
  To 
  my 
  mind 
  the 
  case 
  is 
  easily 
  explained, 
  so 
  far 
  as 
  the 
  spring 
  

   wheat 
  is 
  concerned. 
  The 
  fly 
  is 
  migratory. 
  We 
  are 
  told 
  by 
  those 
  who 
  have 
  studied 
  

   its 
  habits 
  that 
  it 
  flies 
  over 
  districts 
  as 
  much 
  as 
  twenty 
  miles 
  in 
  breadth 
  in 
  the 
  course- 
  

   of 
  the 
  year. 
  

  

  The 
  writer 
  furnishes 
  the 
  explanation 
  of 
  the 
  greater 
  damage 
  done 
  by 
  the 
  fly 
  on 
  his- 
  

   gravelly 
  land. 
  There 
  the 
  wheat 
  came 
  earlier, 
  and 
  was 
  therefore 
  in 
  condition 
  to 
  re- 
  

   ceive 
  the 
  deposit 
  of 
  eggs, 
  while 
  the 
  more 
  backward 
  wheat 
  was 
  not. 
  It 
  accords 
  with 
  

   the 
  theory 
  that 
  late 
  sowing 
  is 
  a 
  measure 
  of 
  prevention 
  against 
  the 
  ravages 
  of 
  the 
  fly. 
  

   I 
  had 
  last 
  fall 
  an 
  illustration 
  of 
  the 
  protection 
  afiorded 
  by 
  late 
  sowing. 
  On 
  a 
  small 
  

   piece 
  I 
  wanted 
  to 
  sow 
  wheat 
  after 
  wheat. 
  Before 
  plowing 
  the 
  stubble 
  the 
  volunteer 
  

   crop 
  had 
  made 
  a 
  growth 
  of 
  perhaps 
  six 
  inches. 
  In 
  examining 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  plants 
  I 
  

   found 
  twenty-five 
  of 
  the 
  larvse. 
  In 
  many 
  others 
  there 
  were 
  a 
  dozen 
  or 
  more. 
  I 
  de- 
  

   stroyed 
  this 
  growth 
  by 
  thorough 
  cultivation, 
  and, 
  after 
  proper 
  fitting, 
  sowed 
  the 
  seed.. 
  

   In 
  the 
  plants 
  that 
  came 
  from 
  that 
  late 
  sowing 
  there 
  were 
  very 
  few 
  larvae. 
  They 
  came 
  

   too 
  late 
  to 
  receive 
  the 
  eggs. 
  It 
  is 
  well 
  known 
  that 
  the 
  fly 
  deposits 
  the 
  eggs 
  on 
  th& 
  

   leaves 
  of 
  the 
  wheat, 
  and 
  that 
  its 
  work 
  ceases 
  after 
  some 
  frosts 
  come. 
  The 
  late 
  sowing 
  

   brings 
  the 
  growth 
  too 
  late 
  for 
  the 
  fly. 
  The 
  fly 
  which 
  does 
  the 
  mischief 
  in 
  the 
  spring, 
  

   is 
  not 
  hatched 
  in 
  the 
  fall 
  — 
  or 
  at 
  least 
  is 
  not 
  fully 
  developed. 
  It 
  comes 
  out 
  in 
  the 
  

   spring, 
  lays 
  a 
  new 
  crop 
  of 
  eggs 
  on 
  the 
  leaves 
  of 
  the 
  growing 
  plants, 
  and 
  the 
  insects 
  

   which 
  hatch 
  from 
  these 
  eggs 
  are 
  those 
  which 
  do 
  the 
  real 
  injury 
  to 
  the 
  wheat. 
  If 
  the 
  

   time 
  can 
  be 
  ascertained 
  when 
  the 
  eggs 
  are 
  deposited 
  on 
  the 
  leaves, 
  then 
  is 
  the 
  time 
  

   to 
  sow 
  lime. 
  I 
  do 
  not 
  know 
  that 
  it 
  will 
  prevent 
  the 
  eggs 
  from 
  hatching. 
  My 
  observa- 
  

   tion 
  of 
  the 
  work 
  done 
  by 
  the 
  fly 
  has 
  taught 
  me 
  one 
  lesson. 
  It 
  is 
  that 
  no 
  wheat 
  should 
  

   be 
  sown 
  except 
  on 
  rich 
  land, 
  where 
  the 
  plants 
  will 
  be 
  strong 
  and 
  therefore 
  able 
  to 
  re- 
  

   sist 
  the 
  ravages 
  of 
  the 
  insects. 
  — 
  IWesterii 
  Farmer^ 
  8 
  Journal, 
  March 
  29, 
  1878. 
  

  

  It 
  should, 
  however, 
  be 
  borne 
  iu 
  mind 
  that 
  late 
  sowing 
  exposes 
  the 
  

   wheat 
  to 
  the 
  attacks 
  of 
  the 
  wheat-midge 
  (JDiplosis 
  tritiei) 
  and 
  also 
  to 
  the 
  

   rust, 
  while 
  also 
  by 
  late 
  sowing 
  the 
  plants 
  are 
  less 
  advanced 
  and 
  less 
  

   fitted 
  to 
  withstand 
  the 
  rigors 
  of 
  the 
  winter. 
  

  

  Early 
  soicing 
  as 
  a 
  remedy. 
  — 
  Still 
  there 
  are 
  some 
  who 
  adhere 
  to 
  early 
  

   sowing, 
  as 
  on 
  the 
  whole 
  the 
  best 
  thing 
  to 
  do. 
  We 
  insert 
  the 
  following 
  

   testimony 
  in 
  favor 
  of 
  this 
  i)rocedure: 
  

  

  In 
  your 
  paper 
  of 
  December 
  6, 
  1877, 
  there 
  are 
  three 
  or 
  four 
  articles 
  respecting 
  the 
  

   Hessian 
  Fly, 
  and 
  they 
  are 
  so 
  different 
  from 
  my 
  observation, 
  of 
  the 
  wheat 
  insect, 
  as 
  we 
  • 
  

   call 
  it 
  here, 
  that 
  I 
  send 
  you 
  a 
  few 
  lines 
  respecting 
  the 
  damage 
  done 
  to 
  wheat 
  here. 
  

   The 
  last 
  harvest 
  was 
  very 
  much 
  injured 
  in 
  some 
  localities 
  in 
  this 
  State; 
  in 
  the 
  west 
  

   part 
  of 
  Calhoun 
  County 
  on 
  sandy 
  land 
  some 
  pieces 
  were 
  not 
  harvested, 
  and 
  others 
  

  

  