﻿ADVANTAGE 
  OF 
  HIGH 
  CULTURE. 
  225 
  

  

  that 
  18 
  if 
  it 
  is 
  stocked 
  with 
  insects, 
  which 
  may 
  be 
  easily 
  determined 
  by 
  examination, 
  

   and 
  resow 
  it. 
  We 
  should 
  thus 
  kill 
  two 
  birds 
  with 
  one 
  stone 
  — 
  save 
  our 
  crops, 
  and 
  de- 
  

   stroy 
  the 
  pest. 
  

  

  Advantage 
  of 
  high 
  culture. 
  — 
  Many 
  farmers 
  advocate 
  high 
  culture^ 
  sow- 
  

   ing 
  a 
  less 
  breadth 
  of 
  wheat, 
  and 
  cultivating 
  the 
  ground, 
  using 
  fertilizers. 
  

   This 
  is 
  all-important, 
  as 
  the 
  stronger 
  and 
  more 
  luxuriant 
  the 
  growth 
  of 
  

   the 
  young 
  wheat, 
  the 
  better 
  able 
  will 
  it 
  be 
  to 
  withstand 
  the 
  weakening 
  

   effects 
  of 
  the 
  maggots 
  ; 
  while 
  high 
  culture 
  will 
  carry 
  a 
  partly 
  infested 
  

   field 
  of 
  wheat 
  through, 
  when 
  the 
  same 
  grain 
  grown 
  on 
  a 
  poorer 
  soil 
  

   would 
  succumb. 
  The 
  value, 
  then, 
  of 
  good 
  farming, 
  conducted 
  on 
  scien- 
  

   tific 
  principles, 
  the 
  forcing 
  of 
  the 
  plant 
  by 
  fertilizers, 
  and 
  the 
  rotation 
  

   of 
  crops, 
  is 
  so 
  self-evident 
  that 
  we 
  need 
  devote 
  no 
  more 
  space 
  to 
  this 
  sub- 
  

   ject, 
  except 
  to 
  add 
  the 
  following 
  remarks 
  by 
  practical 
  farmers: 
  

  

  It 
  is 
  claimed 
  by 
  some 
  that 
  certain 
  varieties 
  of 
  wheat 
  are 
  less 
  liable 
  to 
  the 
  attacks 
  

   of 
  the 
  Hessian 
  Fly, 
  and 
  entire 
  exemption 
  has 
  been 
  claimed 
  for 
  some. 
  I 
  am 
  satisfied 
  

   from 
  experience 
  that 
  these 
  claims 
  are 
  partially 
  fallacious. 
  There 
  is 
  no 
  wheat 
  which 
  

   the 
  fly 
  will 
  not 
  injure 
  under 
  favorable 
  conditions 
  for 
  its 
  working. 
  The 
  supposed 
  ex- 
  

   emption 
  is 
  due 
  to 
  the 
  fact, 
  that 
  when 
  a 
  weak-growing 
  and 
  strong-growing 
  variety 
  are 
  

   sown 
  side 
  by 
  side, 
  the 
  fly 
  leaves 
  the 
  latter 
  for 
  the 
  former. 
  Whatever 
  makes 
  the 
  wheat 
  

   plant 
  vigorous, 
  helps 
  to 
  repel 
  the 
  attacks 
  of 
  all 
  insect 
  enemies. 
  If 
  the 
  red 
  sorts 
  are 
  

   less 
  liable 
  to 
  injury, 
  it 
  is 
  because 
  their 
  thicker 
  and 
  ranker 
  leaves 
  keep 
  the 
  plant 
  too 
  

   moist 
  for 
  the 
  eggs 
  and 
  larvse. 
  I 
  have 
  seen 
  the 
  same 
  result 
  from 
  the 
  use 
  of 
  superphos- 
  

   phate, 
  gypsum, 
  salt, 
  and 
  in 
  fact 
  any 
  manure 
  which 
  causes 
  vigorous 
  growth, 
  with 
  

   dampness. 
  Coarse 
  manure 
  sometimes 
  seems 
  to 
  favor 
  the 
  insect, 
  but 
  only, 
  I 
  imagine, 
  

   when 
  the 
  weather 
  is 
  so 
  dry 
  that 
  its 
  coarse 
  strawy 
  substance 
  is 
  really 
  more 
  dry 
  than 
  

   the 
  ground. 
  Wherever 
  the 
  soil 
  is 
  moist, 
  and 
  wheat 
  makes 
  a 
  rapid 
  growth, 
  the 
  fly 
  

   will 
  do 
  least 
  damage. 
  I 
  shall 
  take 
  advantage 
  of 
  this 
  fact, 
  this 
  fall, 
  in 
  fertilizing 
  my 
  

   wheat 
  more 
  liberally 
  than 
  ever 
  before, 
  using 
  two 
  hundred, 
  or 
  perhaps 
  more 
  pounds, 
  of 
  

   phosphate 
  per 
  acre, 
  besides 
  gypsum 
  and 
  salt 
  to 
  dilute 
  it. 
  If 
  I 
  can 
  get 
  a 
  vigorous 
  

   growth 
  of 
  wheat 
  from 
  the 
  start, 
  there 
  will 
  be 
  less 
  to 
  fear 
  from 
  the 
  fly. 
  This 
  liberal 
  

   manuring 
  will 
  also 
  enable 
  me 
  to 
  defer 
  sowing 
  till 
  later 
  than 
  would 
  otherwise 
  be 
  safe. 
  

  

  Rolling 
  and 
  compacting 
  the 
  ground 
  is 
  very 
  important 
  as 
  a 
  means 
  of 
  keeping 
  it 
  

   moist. 
  I 
  shall 
  not 
  roll 
  immediately 
  ajfter 
  sowing, 
  but 
  wait 
  until 
  the 
  wheat 
  is 
  up, 
  

   when, 
  if 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  dry 
  time, 
  with 
  no 
  frosts 
  to 
  keep 
  back 
  the 
  fly, 
  I 
  shall 
  roll 
  the 
  ground 
  

   with 
  the 
  hope 
  that 
  the 
  roller 
  will 
  destroy 
  at 
  least 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  eggs 
  which 
  the 
  fly 
  may 
  

   have 
  laid. 
  W. 
  J. 
  F. 
  

  

  Monroe 
  County, 
  New 
  Yokk. 
  

  

  ICuUivator 
  and 
  Country 
  Gentleman. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  rapidly 
  increasing 
  practice 
  of 
  extra 
  manuring 
  and 
  cultivation 
  of 
  wheat, 
  as 
  

   by 
  drilling 
  and 
  hoeing, 
  it 
  is 
  found 
  in 
  very 
  many 
  cases 
  that 
  the 
  Hessian 
  Fly 
  and 
  other 
  

   insects 
  are 
  far 
  less 
  troublesome 
  than 
  on 
  the 
  wheat 
  fields 
  where 
  only 
  ordinary 
  cultiva- 
  

   tion 
  is 
  practiced. 
  It 
  frequently 
  occurs, 
  too, 
  that 
  superior 
  cultivation 
  permits 
  of 
  earlier 
  

   sowing 
  in 
  the 
  fall 
  ; 
  the 
  extra 
  growth 
  more 
  than 
  offsetting 
  the 
  damage 
  done 
  by 
  the 
  in- 
  

   sects, 
  to 
  avoid 
  which 
  most 
  farmers 
  now 
  are 
  obliged 
  to 
  resort 
  to 
  late 
  planting. 
  Several 
  

   examples 
  are 
  cited 
  where 
  drilled 
  and 
  cultivated 
  fields, 
  grown 
  beside 
  ordinary 
  broad- 
  

   cast-sown 
  and 
  lightly- 
  manured 
  fields, 
  with 
  results 
  wholly 
  in 
  favor 
  of 
  the 
  former, 
  the 
  

   Hessian 
  Fly 
  greatly 
  damaging 
  if 
  not 
  totally 
  destroying 
  the 
  latter, 
  while 
  the 
  cultivated 
  

   fields 
  escaped 
  almost 
  unharmed. 
  — 
  ^Cultivator 
  and 
  Country 
  Gentleman. 
  

  

  Pasturing 
  with 
  sheep. 
  — 
  Many 
  farmers 
  practice 
  pasturing 
  wheat-fields 
  

  

  with 
  sheep 
  or 
  cattle 
  j 
  for 
  it 
  is 
  claimed 
  that 
  if 
  the 
  wheat 
  is 
  strong 
  enough 
  

  

  by 
  the 
  middle 
  or 
  end 
  of 
  November 
  to 
  bear 
  it, 
  enough 
  of 
  the 
  larvae 
  or 
  

  

  flaxseeds 
  may 
  thus 
  be 
  destroyed 
  to 
  save 
  the 
  wheat 
  and 
  prevent 
  the 
  ne- 
  

  

  15 
  E 
  " 
  

  

  