﻿226 
  REPORT 
  UNITED 
  STATES 
  ENTOMOLOGICAL 
  COMMISSION. 
  

  

  cessity 
  of 
  plowing 
  it 
  in. 
  This 
  is 
  a 
  ratlier 
  rude, 
  uncertain 
  remedy, 
  but 
  

   can 
  be 
  carried 
  on 
  with 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  success 
  in 
  the 
  Middle 
  States. 
  We 
  

   give 
  the 
  opinions 
  of 
  those 
  who 
  haA^e 
  found 
  pasturing 
  successful. 
  

  

  From 
  Mr. 
  E. 
  A. 
  Hickman, 
  of 
  Independence, 
  Mo., 
  we 
  obtain 
  the 
  follow- 
  

   ing 
  information 
  : 
  

  

  In 
  reply 
  to 
  your 
  inquiry 
  on 
  the 
  sulbject 
  of 
  the 
  Hessian 
  Fly, 
  I 
  will 
  state 
  that 
  I 
  have 
  

   made 
  some 
  inquiry 
  of 
  our 
  best 
  wheat-raisers, 
  and 
  they 
  report 
  as 
  follows 
  : 
  First, 
  the 
  

   wheat-midge 
  is 
  not 
  found 
  in 
  our 
  State, 
  hence 
  is 
  not 
  further 
  alluded 
  to. 
  A. 
  L. 
  H. 
  Cren- 
  

   shaw, 
  now 
  an 
  old 
  wheat-raiser, 
  and 
  quite 
  successful, 
  says 
  he 
  breaks 
  up 
  his 
  ground 
  in 
  

   July 
  and 
  lets 
  it 
  lie 
  till 
  September, 
  then 
  harrows 
  it 
  iuto 
  good 
  planting 
  condition, 
  and 
  

   lets 
  it 
  remain 
  until 
  after 
  a 
  Ulling 
  frost, 
  which 
  is 
  usually 
  from 
  the 
  25th 
  September 
  to 
  

   the 
  5th 
  of 
  October 
  ; 
  then 
  he 
  puts 
  in 
  the 
  seed 
  by 
  drilling. 
  He 
  has 
  never 
  lost 
  a 
  crop 
  or 
  

   had 
  one 
  inj 
  ured 
  by 
  the 
  fly. 
  

  

  G. 
  W. 
  Compton 
  is 
  a 
  successful 
  raiser 
  ; 
  he 
  breaks 
  up 
  in 
  July, 
  and 
  by 
  the 
  1st 
  of 
  Septem- 
  

   ber 
  sows 
  his 
  wheat 
  immediately, 
  and 
  as 
  soon 
  as 
  the 
  wheat 
  is 
  up 
  and 
  of 
  sufficient 
  

   height 
  he 
  turns 
  sheep 
  and 
  other 
  stock 
  on 
  it 
  to 
  keep 
  it 
  eaten 
  down 
  so 
  that 
  the 
  fly 
  can- 
  

   not 
  shelter 
  under 
  its 
  leaves. 
  This 
  has 
  protected 
  his 
  crop 
  until 
  the 
  fall 
  of 
  1877, 
  when 
  

   the 
  rains 
  favored 
  the 
  breaking 
  up 
  of 
  the 
  ground 
  and 
  the 
  planting 
  and 
  growing 
  of 
  the 
  

   wheat 
  to 
  such 
  an 
  extent 
  that 
  the 
  stock 
  could 
  not 
  graze 
  it 
  down. 
  Its 
  rankness 
  pro- 
  

   tected 
  the 
  fly 
  and 
  its 
  abundance 
  nearly 
  destroyed 
  his 
  crops. 
  He 
  attributes 
  his 
  failure 
  

   to 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  his 
  crop 
  was 
  not 
  grazed 
  sufficiently 
  close. 
  

  

  Mr. 
  James 
  Lobb 
  sowed 
  early 
  in 
  September, 
  1878, 
  a 
  fine 
  growing 
  season; 
  brought 
  up 
  

   a 
  luxuriant 
  and 
  vigorous 
  stand; 
  no 
  pasturing 
  was 
  applied 
  either 
  in 
  fall 
  or 
  spring, 
  and 
  

   the 
  crop 
  only 
  yielded 
  about 
  four 
  bushels 
  per 
  acre, 
  the 
  balance 
  being 
  destroyed 
  by 
  the 
  

   fly. 
  This 
  was 
  adjoining 
  a 
  field 
  that 
  produced 
  a 
  fine 
  crop, 
  but 
  cultivated 
  to 
  thwart 
  

   the 
  fly. 
  

  

  Two 
  other 
  successful 
  men 
  say 
  they 
  have 
  followed 
  the 
  advice 
  of 
  an 
  old 
  settler, 
  who 
  

   told 
  them 
  to 
  have 
  everything 
  ready, 
  but 
  never 
  sow 
  until 
  after 
  a 
  killing 
  frost 
  ; 
  and 
  they 
  

   never 
  suifer 
  from 
  that 
  enemy. 
  

  

  Mr. 
  Robert 
  McNeilly, 
  of 
  Charlotte, 
  Dickson 
  County, 
  Tennessee, 
  writes 
  

   us 
  that 
  "the 
  best 
  preventive 
  found 
  here 
  is 
  to 
  pasture 
  the 
  wheat 
  close 
  

   in 
  the 
  winter 
  with 
  sheep." 
  

  

  We 
  also 
  reprint 
  the 
  following 
  newspaper 
  articles: 
  

  

  Another 
  error 
  is 
  that 
  pasturing 
  will 
  do 
  no 
  good. 
  If 
  sheep 
  enough 
  are 
  turned 
  in 
  to 
  

   eat 
  the 
  wheat 
  down 
  close 
  before 
  the 
  eggs 
  hatch, 
  after 
  being 
  laid, 
  very 
  much 
  good 
  will 
  

   result. 
  This 
  is 
  aii 
  old 
  remedy, 
  and 
  has 
  proved 
  very 
  effectual 
  in 
  many 
  instances. 
  It 
  

   is 
  now 
  too 
  late 
  to 
  employ 
  it, 
  as 
  the 
  eggs 
  are 
  mostly 
  hatched. 
  During 
  the 
  fine 
  weather 
  

   of 
  this 
  fall, 
  so 
  far, 
  very 
  few 
  days 
  only 
  were 
  required 
  to 
  hatch 
  the 
  eggs, 
  after 
  which 
  

   nothing 
  could 
  be 
  done. 
  -Very 
  few 
  eggs 
  are 
  placed 
  too 
  close 
  to 
  the 
  ground 
  to 
  escape 
  

   the 
  teeth 
  of 
  sheep, 
  and 
  if 
  enough 
  of 
  these 
  animals 
  could 
  be 
  turned 
  on 
  to 
  eat 
  the 
  wheat 
  

   off 
  within 
  three 
  days 
  after 
  the 
  flies 
  appeared, 
  very 
  little 
  damage 
  would 
  result. 
  Frost 
  

   now 
  will 
  not 
  do 
  much 
  good 
  except 
  with 
  fields 
  that 
  have 
  been 
  sown 
  late, 
  wbere 
  the 
  

   blades 
  have 
  not 
  grown 
  large 
  enough 
  to 
  attract 
  the 
  fly. 
  The 
  destruction 
  of 
  the 
  entire 
  

   crop 
  does 
  not 
  follow 
  the 
  appearance 
  of 
  the 
  fly 
  always. 
  Unless 
  very 
  badly 
  infested, 
  

   if 
  the 
  soil 
  is 
  rich 
  and 
  the 
  season 
  favorable, 
  a 
  fair 
  crop 
  may 
  result 
  in 
  spite 
  of 
  the 
  fly. 
  

   Of 
  course, 
  the 
  crop 
  is 
  always 
  injured 
  to 
  some 
  extent. 
  The 
  best 
  remedy, 
  after 
  the 
  

   larvae 
  have 
  hatched 
  and 
  found 
  security 
  in 
  the 
  crown 
  of 
  the 
  plant, 
  is 
  to 
  stimulate 
  the 
  

   ground 
  as 
  much 
  as 
  possible 
  by 
  the 
  application 
  of 
  fertilizers. 
  

  

  We 
  mentioned 
  in 
  last 
  week's 
  issue 
  that 
  the 
  Hessian 
  Fly 
  appeared 
  in 
  Pennsylvania 
  

   as 
  well 
  as 
  in 
  Canada 
  and 
  other 
  sections 
  last 
  year. 
  It 
  appears 
  that 
  the 
  practice 
  of 
  

   early 
  sowing 
  has 
  lately 
  increased 
  so 
  much 
  in 
  Pennsylvania 
  as 
  to 
  furnish 
  everywhere 
  

   the 
  young 
  winter 
  wheat 
  at 
  exactly 
  the 
  time 
  when 
  the 
  Hessian 
  Fly 
  is 
  laying 
  its 
  eggs. 
  

   This 
  probably 
  has 
  a 
  good 
  deal 
  to 
  do 
  with 
  the 
  trouble 
  in 
  Canada 
  also. 
  And 
  yet 
  the 
  

  

  