﻿228 
  REPORT 
  UNITED 
  STATES 
  ENTOMOLOGICAL 
  COMMISSION. 
  

  

  act 
  more 
  wisely 
  still, 
  and 
  set 
  the 
  trap 
  of 
  an 
  early-sown 
  strip, 
  let 
  this 
  be 
  sown 
  to 
  Diehl, 
  

   the 
  better 
  to 
  attract 
  the 
  flies, 
  and 
  then, 
  when 
  we 
  sow 
  the 
  balance 
  of 
  our 
  field, 
  two 
  or 
  

   three 
  weeks 
  later, 
  sow 
  Clawson 
  or 
  other 
  rapid, 
  vigorous 
  growing 
  varieties, 
  which 
  not 
  

   only 
  resist 
  attacks 
  better, 
  but 
  survive 
  better 
  when 
  attacked. 
  Lastly, 
  if 
  the 
  early 
  

   sown 
  area 
  is 
  harboring 
  the 
  pests, 
  convert 
  it 
  into 
  an 
  insect 
  cemetery, 
  using 
  the 
  insects 
  

   to 
  fertilize 
  a 
  still 
  further 
  crop 
  of 
  Clawson. 
  

  

  Mr. 
  W. 
  L. 
  Devereaux, 
  of 
  Clyde, 
  K. 
  Y., 
  gives 
  us 
  his 
  experience 
  with 
  the 
  

   fly 
  and 
  the 
  best 
  varieties 
  to 
  sow 
  : 
  

  

  Now, 
  concerning 
  the 
  fly 
  : 
  It 
  is 
  the 
  least 
  to 
  be 
  feared 
  of 
  all 
  the 
  injurioiis 
  insects 
  of 
  the 
  

   United 
  States. 
  I 
  am 
  situated 
  in 
  or 
  just 
  north 
  of 
  the 
  starting 
  point 
  of 
  the 
  Cecidomyia 
  

   destructor 
  in 
  this 
  last 
  crusade 
  on 
  wheat, 
  which 
  is 
  Seneca 
  and 
  Tompkins 
  Counties, 
  New 
  

   York, 
  between 
  Cayuga 
  and 
  Seneca 
  Lakes. 
  This 
  section 
  is 
  also 
  where 
  the 
  Clawson 
  

   wheat 
  originated, 
  and 
  I 
  hold 
  that 
  the 
  Clawson 
  has 
  been 
  the 
  propagator 
  of 
  the 
  fly 
  in 
  

   this 
  last 
  spread. 
  Perhaps 
  the 
  Soules 
  helped 
  the 
  spread 
  prior 
  to 
  this. 
  

  

  To 
  my 
  knowledge, 
  there 
  isn't 
  a 
  single 
  instance 
  of 
  a 
  field 
  of 
  Lancaster 
  being 
  injured 
  

   by 
  the 
  larvae 
  of 
  the 
  fly. 
  Indeed, 
  I 
  never 
  could 
  find 
  a 
  single 
  larva 
  or 
  pupa 
  in 
  a 
  field 
  of 
  

   Lancaster. 
  It 
  is 
  the 
  kind 
  which 
  farmers 
  have 
  sown 
  almost 
  entirely 
  throughout 
  this 
  

   section 
  this 
  year. 
  It 
  does 
  well, 
  and, 
  although 
  a 
  red 
  w^heat, 
  it 
  now 
  commands 
  as 
  high 
  

   if 
  not 
  higher 
  price 
  than 
  Clawson. 
  

  

  I 
  would 
  particularly 
  impress 
  upon 
  you 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  we 
  think 
  the 
  fly 
  cannot 
  be 
  found 
  

   on 
  Lancaster 
  wheat. 
  It 
  is 
  a 
  variety 
  which 
  is 
  extremely 
  tough 
  and 
  hardy, 
  having 
  that 
  

   green 
  color 
  which 
  farmers 
  call 
  "black," 
  while 
  the 
  Clawson 
  and 
  similar' 
  wheats 
  have 
  

   a 
  green 
  color 
  which 
  is 
  very 
  often 
  yellow. 
  The 
  Lancaster 
  — 
  to 
  strongly 
  indicate 
  its 
  

   toughness 
  — 
  is 
  said 
  to 
  grow 
  readily 
  under 
  water 
  or 
  on 
  a 
  rock. 
  I 
  have 
  no 
  personal 
  

   motives 
  in 
  writing 
  thus 
  of 
  the 
  Lancaster 
  wheat; 
  I 
  only 
  want 
  to 
  indicate 
  that 
  it 
  is 
  too 
  

   tough 
  fibre 
  for 
  the 
  Hessian 
  Fly 
  to 
  live 
  on. 
  It 
  is 
  nearly 
  like 
  or 
  is 
  the 
  Blue-stem 
  wheat. 
  

  

  Professor 
  Cook 
  ranks 
  the 
  Clawson 
  as 
  being 
  less 
  injured 
  by 
  the 
  fly 
  than 
  the 
  Lancas- 
  

   ter, 
  but 
  I 
  think 
  the 
  latter 
  is 
  absolutely 
  free 
  from 
  the 
  fly, 
  while 
  the 
  Clawson 
  is 
  liter- 
  

   ally 
  eaten 
  up 
  alive 
  by 
  the 
  fly. 
  

  

  Mr. 
  Devereaux 
  afterwards 
  wrote 
  as 
  follows, 
  under 
  date 
  of 
  October 
  29, 
  

   1879: 
  

  

  The 
  Hessian 
  Fly 
  has 
  not 
  destroyed 
  wheat 
  to 
  any 
  great 
  extent 
  this 
  year. 
  However^ 
  

   all 
  white 
  wheat 
  suffered 
  from 
  the 
  attacks 
  of 
  the 
  fly, 
  but 
  still 
  not 
  to 
  the 
  extent 
  it 
  did 
  

   last 
  year. 
  Red 
  wheat 
  has 
  never 
  been 
  attacked 
  {vide 
  my 
  article 
  in 
  Rural 
  Nexo 
  Yorker^ 
  

   June 
  15, 
  1878). 
  The 
  principal 
  bearded 
  red 
  wheat 
  sown 
  in 
  this 
  locality 
  is 
  called 
  the 
  

   Lancaster. 
  An 
  amber 
  wheat 
  called 
  Fultz 
  (a 
  bald 
  wheat) 
  seems 
  to 
  be 
  proof 
  against 
  

   the 
  fly. 
  Mold's 
  red 
  wheat 
  (bald) 
  is 
  also 
  not 
  attacked. 
  But 
  the 
  Clawson 
  (white), 
  so 
  

   extensively 
  sown 
  here 
  and 
  elsewhere, 
  was 
  most 
  severely 
  attacked 
  in 
  1877, 
  very 
  badly 
  

   in 
  1878, 
  and 
  this 
  year 
  it 
  was 
  thought 
  to 
  be 
  free 
  from 
  the 
  fly, 
  but 
  when 
  harvest 
  came 
  

   it 
  was 
  noticeably 
  short, 
  many 
  heads 
  unfilled, 
  many 
  stunted 
  in 
  their 
  height. 
  At 
  this 
  

   date 
  of 
  writing 
  every 
  piece 
  of 
  Clawson 
  sown 
  this 
  fall 
  is 
  being 
  ravaged 
  (however, 
  there 
  

   are 
  only 
  a 
  few 
  pieces 
  of 
  Clawson 
  for 
  miles 
  around 
  here), 
  the 
  Lancaster, 
  as 
  heretofore, 
  

   remaining 
  uninjured. 
  

  

  I 
  notice 
  after 
  harvest 
  long 
  stubbles 
  and 
  straws 
  of 
  wheat 
  in 
  field 
  and 
  barn-yard 
  which 
  

   have 
  many 
  little 
  pin-holes 
  from 
  which 
  the 
  imago 
  Cecidomyia 
  escaped. 
  Barley 
  wa& 
  

   damaged 
  to 
  an 
  enormous 
  extent 
  last 
  year, 
  whole 
  fields 
  having 
  nearly 
  every 
  straw 
  so 
  

   badly 
  damaged 
  that 
  they 
  would 
  break 
  off 
  readily 
  by 
  passing 
  through 
  with 
  the 
  horse- 
  

   rake, 
  throwing 
  it 
  into 
  winrows. 
  This 
  year 
  barley 
  was 
  not 
  hurt 
  much. 
  

  

  Now, 
  wasn't 
  the 
  great 
  spread 
  of 
  the 
  Hessian 
  Fly, 
  which 
  occurred 
  many 
  years 
  ago, 
  

   brought 
  about 
  at 
  that 
  time 
  by 
  that 
  extensively 
  sown 
  wheat, 
  the 
  Soules, 
  which 
  was 
  a 
  

   very 
  similar 
  wheat 
  to 
  the 
  Clawson, 
  which 
  brought 
  the 
  fly 
  this 
  time 
  ? 
  Or, 
  rather, 
  each 
  

   kind 
  of 
  these 
  wheats, 
  by 
  their 
  tender 
  foliage 
  and 
  loose 
  culms, 
  allowed 
  the 
  rapid 
  prop- 
  

   agation 
  of 
  the 
  fly, 
  being 
  their 
  favorite 
  variety 
  of 
  wheat 
  ; 
  we 
  may 
  also 
  add 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  

   these 
  wheats 
  were 
  popular 
  among 
  the 
  farmers 
  everywhere 
  ; 
  thus 
  whole 
  wheat 
  district 
  

   were 
  sown 
  entirely 
  to 
  this 
  wheat, 
  bringing 
  forth 
  countless 
  numbers 
  of 
  the 
  Hessian 
  Fly 
  

  

  