﻿HESSIAN 
  FLY: 
  DISTRIBUTION 
  IN 
  NEW 
  ENGLAND. 
  241 
  

  

  1844 
  it 
  was 
  destructive 
  in 
  Ohio, 
  Indiana, 
  Illinois, 
  Michigan, 
  Wisconsin, 
  

   and 
  the 
  eastern 
  border 
  of 
  Iowa 
  ; 
  while 
  it 
  was 
  common 
  in 
  the 
  Middle 
  At- 
  

   lantic 
  States, 
  and 
  became 
  destructive 
  in 
  northern 
  Georgia 
  in 
  1845* 
  

   Meanwhile 
  it 
  had 
  reached 
  western 
  Canada 
  in 
  1805. 
  IS'orth 
  of 
  Connec- 
  

   ticut 
  it 
  seems 
  to 
  have 
  existed 
  only 
  sporadically, 
  and 
  to 
  have 
  maintained 
  

   only 
  a 
  temporary 
  foothold 
  in 
  Vermont 
  and 
  Maine 
  in 
  1850-52, 
  and 
  has 
  

   never 
  been 
  noticed 
  by 
  authors 
  in 
  New 
  Hampshire 
  or 
  in 
  Massachusetts.^^® 
  

   Minnesota 
  was 
  visited 
  in 
  1860, 
  and 
  probably 
  earlier. 
  In 
  Beverly, 
  Mass., 
  

   it 
  was 
  common 
  in 
  wheat 
  fields 
  in 
  1877. 
  

  

  It 
  must 
  have 
  reached 
  Missouri, 
  Arkansas, 
  and 
  Texas 
  long 
  previous 
  

   to 
  the 
  date 
  given 
  in 
  our 
  table, 
  but 
  probably 
  the 
  year 
  it 
  entered 
  eastern 
  

   Kansas 
  (1871-'72) 
  is 
  not 
  much 
  posterior 
  to 
  its 
  arrival 
  there, 
  at 
  present 
  

   its 
  westernmost 
  limit. 
  

  

  The 
  following 
  facts 
  regarding 
  the 
  occurrence 
  and 
  distribution 
  of 
  the 
  

   Hessian 
  Fly 
  have 
  been 
  obtained 
  since 
  the 
  publication 
  of 
  the 
  original 
  

   Bulletin. 
  The 
  map 
  appended 
  to 
  this 
  report 
  will 
  show 
  its 
  present 
  range 
  

   in 
  the 
  United 
  States 
  and 
  Canada 
  : 
  

  

  THE 
  HESSIAN 
  FLY 
  IN 
  MAINE. 
  

  

  The 
  only 
  authentic 
  information 
  we 
  have 
  been 
  able 
  to 
  gather 
  as 
  to 
  

   the 
  occurrence 
  of 
  this 
  ii'sect 
  in 
  Maine 
  is 
  what 
  we 
  learned 
  from 
  Mr. 
  

   William 
  Alexander, 
  of 
  North 
  Harpswell, 
  Me., 
  who 
  told 
  us 
  that 
  on 
  his 
  

   farm 
  (then 
  his 
  father's) 
  between 
  forty 
  and 
  fifty 
  years 
  ago, 
  in 
  one 
  spring 
  

   the 
  spring 
  wheat 
  sown 
  from 
  the 
  10th 
  to 
  the 
  15th 
  of 
  April 
  was 
  aftected 
  

   by 
  a 
  maggot 
  between 
  the 
  leaf 
  and 
  the 
  stalk, 
  which 
  caused 
  the 
  young 
  

   wheat 
  to 
  turn 
  yellow. 
  

  

  THE 
  HESSIAN 
  FLY 
  IN 
  MASSACHUSETTS. 
  

  

  Neither 
  Dr. 
  Harris 
  nor 
  any 
  other 
  entomologist 
  has 
  noticed 
  in 
  print 
  

   the 
  occurrence 
  of 
  G. 
  destructor 
  in 
  this 
  State. 
  It 
  has 
  probably 
  occurred 
  

   there 
  in 
  limited 
  numbers 
  since 
  1859, 
  when 
  it 
  was 
  observed 
  in 
  Danvers, 
  

   by 
  Eev. 
  John 
  L. 
  Eussel, 
  who 
  pointed 
  it 
  out 
  to 
  Mr. 
  John 
  Lears 
  in 
  June, 
  

   1859. 
  Mr. 
  Lears 
  has 
  seen 
  it 
  in 
  wheat 
  occasionally 
  since 
  then. 
  In 
  or 
  

   about 
  the 
  year 
  1877, 
  specimens 
  of 
  wheat, 
  at 
  least 
  a 
  foot 
  high 
  and 
  con- 
  

   taining 
  thepuparia, 
  were 
  brought 
  tome, 
  June 
  10, 
  from 
  Beverly, 
  Mass. 
  

  

  THE 
  HESSIAN 
  FLY 
  IN 
  VERMONT. 
  

  

  The 
  Vermont 
  Chronicle 
  for 
  1829 
  records 
  the 
  occurrence 
  of 
  this 
  insect. 
  

  

  THE 
  HESSIAN 
  FLY 
  IN 
  NEW 
  YORK. 
  

  

  It 
  appeared 
  in 
  Washington 
  County 
  in 
  1830. 
  — 
  [Salem 
  (N. 
  Y.) 
  Post. 
  

  

  lis 
  Sir 
  Joseph 
  Banks 
  drew 
  up 
  a 
  report 
  on 
  tins 
  insect 
  for 
  the 
  Privy 
  Council, 
  dated 
  Marcli 
  12, 
  1789. 
  He 
  

   states 
  that 
  "since 
  its 
  first 
  appearance 
  in 
  Long 
  Island 
  it 
  has 
  advanced 
  at 
  the 
  rate 
  of 
  fifteen 
  or 
  twenty 
  

   miles 
  a 
  year, 
  and 
  neither 
  waters 
  nor 
  mountains 
  have 
  impeded 
  its 
  progress. 
  It 
  was 
  seen 
  crossing 
  the 
  

   Delaware 
  like 
  a 
  cloud 
  from 
  the 
  Falls 
  Township 
  to 
  Wakefield 
  ; 
  had 
  reached 
  Saratoga, 
  200 
  miles 
  from 
  its 
  

   first 
  appearance, 
  infesting 
  the 
  counties 
  of 
  Middlesex, 
  Somerset, 
  Huntington, 
  Morris, 
  Sussex, 
  the 
  neigh- 
  

   borhood 
  of 
  Philadelphia, 
  all 
  the 
  wheat 
  counties 
  of 
  Connecticut, 
  <fcc., 
  committing 
  the 
  most 
  dreadfulrav- 
  

   ages, 
  attacking 
  wheat, 
  rye, 
  harley, 
  and 
  timothy 
  grass. 
  The 
  Americans 
  who 
  have 
  suffered 
  by 
  this 
  insect 
  

   speak 
  of 
  it 
  in 
  terms 
  of 
  the 
  greatest 
  horror."— 
  Dohson's 
  Encyclopedia, 
  viii, 
  art. 
  Hessian 
  Fly. 
  

   16 
  E 
  

  

  