﻿244 
  REPORT 
  UNITED 
  STATES 
  ENTOMOLOGICAL 
  COMMISSION. 
  

  

  The 
  greater 
  number 
  of 
  notices 
  of 
  their 
  existence 
  in 
  the 
  State 
  are 
  based 
  on 
  Pro- 
  

   fessor 
  Anghey's 
  notes 
  of 
  specimens 
  received 
  for 
  identification 
  from 
  time 
  to 
  time. 
  

  

  Prior 
  to 
  1867 
  the 
  Hessian 
  Fly 
  seems 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  absent 
  from 
  Nebraska, 
  but 
  daring 
  

   this 
  year 
  specimens 
  were 
  received 
  from 
  Cass 
  and 
  Otoe 
  Counties, 
  where 
  they 
  were 
  no- 
  

   ticed 
  in 
  wheat- 
  iields 
  doing 
  some 
  damage 
  to 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  stalks. 
  They 
  were 
  few 
  in 
  

   number 
  and 
  only 
  in 
  isolated 
  spots 
  in 
  some 
  fields. 
  The 
  following 
  year 
  they 
  had 
  be- 
  

   come 
  more 
  general 
  in 
  these 
  two 
  counties, 
  but 
  not 
  in 
  sufficient 
  numbers 
  to 
  cause 
  un- 
  

   easiness. 
  In 
  1869 
  they 
  had 
  spread 
  into 
  Sarpy 
  and 
  Douglas 
  Counties. 
  1872 
  extended 
  

   their 
  range 
  into 
  Lancaster, 
  Seward, 
  and 
  Saunders 
  Counties. 
  They 
  were 
  also 
  sent 
  

   from 
  York 
  County 
  this 
  year, 
  where 
  they 
  were 
  taken 
  in 
  a 
  field 
  of 
  winter 
  wheat. 
  Both 
  

   eggs 
  and 
  larvae 
  were 
  sent. 
  

  

  During 
  1873 
  they 
  did 
  not 
  seem 
  to 
  spread 
  to 
  any 
  great 
  extent 
  ; 
  but 
  in 
  1874 
  they 
  

   made 
  their 
  appearance 
  in 
  Pawnee, 
  Gage, 
  and 
  Richardson 
  Counties. 
  In 
  1876 
  they 
  

   were 
  received 
  from 
  various 
  counties 
  in 
  southeastern 
  Nebraska, 
  where 
  they 
  did 
  some 
  

   damage 
  in 
  isolated 
  localities, 
  but 
  not 
  of 
  sufficient 
  note 
  to 
  cause 
  alarm. 
  Since 
  that 
  

   time 
  they 
  have 
  been 
  regularly 
  received 
  each 
  year 
  from 
  various 
  portions 
  of 
  eastern 
  

   Nebraska. 
  Of 
  these 
  no 
  notes 
  have 
  been 
  kept, 
  but 
  it 
  is 
  known 
  that 
  they 
  have 
  been 
  

   spreading, 
  and 
  if 
  not 
  soon 
  checked 
  will 
  cause 
  not 
  a 
  little 
  uneasiness 
  among 
  grain- 
  

   growers. 
  

  

  LAWRENCE 
  BRUNER. 
  

  

  May 
  23, 
  1881. 
  

  

  Some 
  time 
  ago 
  you 
  requested 
  me 
  to 
  continue 
  my 
  investigations 
  with 
  reference 
  to 
  

   the 
  Hessian 
  Fly 
  and 
  report. 
  Well, 
  I 
  have 
  been 
  over 
  a 
  considerable 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  

   country 
  boudering 
  the 
  Missouri 
  River 
  north 
  of 
  the 
  Platte 
  since 
  grain 
  is 
  up, 
  and 
  have 
  

   also 
  made 
  inquiries 
  with 
  reference 
  to 
  various 
  sections 
  south. 
  Thus 
  far 
  but 
  few 
  of 
  

   the 
  flies 
  are 
  reported 
  — 
  the 
  only 
  substantial 
  record 
  being 
  near 
  Lincoln 
  by 
  Professor 
  

   Aughey. 
  He 
  was 
  out 
  collecting 
  a 
  few 
  Coleoptera 
  and 
  saw 
  several 
  dozen 
  stalks 
  of 
  wheat 
  

   suffering 
  from 
  its 
  attacks. 
  No 
  other 
  locality, 
  as 
  far 
  as 
  I 
  am 
  aware 
  at 
  present, 
  has 
  

   been 
  visited 
  this 
  season. 
  Of 
  course 
  it 
  can 
  hardly 
  be 
  doubted 
  but 
  that 
  a 
  few 
  of 
  last 
  

   year's 
  stock 
  of 
  flies 
  withstood 
  the 
  rigors 
  of 
  the 
  past 
  winter 
  ; 
  and 
  it 
  is 
  my 
  opinion 
  

   that 
  by 
  careful 
  search 
  a 
  few 
  might 
  be 
  found 
  throughout 
  the 
  entire 
  area 
  ravaged 
  by 
  

   them 
  last 
  season. 
  (I 
  do 
  not 
  mean 
  by 
  this 
  that 
  this 
  insect 
  was 
  at 
  all 
  destructive 
  the 
  

   past 
  year, 
  but 
  that 
  it 
  was 
  present 
  and 
  did 
  some 
  damage.) 
  But 
  to 
  make 
  this 
  sort 
  of 
  

   observations 
  would 
  require 
  some 
  little 
  time 
  and 
  cause 
  some 
  expense 
  ; 
  hence, 
  no 
  par- 
  

   ticular 
  person 
  desires 
  to 
  take 
  it 
  upon 
  himself 
  to 
  do 
  so. 
  

  

  I 
  have 
  interviewed 
  Professor 
  Aughey 
  in 
  reference 
  to 
  causes 
  of 
  its 
  seeming 
  scarcity, 
  

   and 
  he 
  thinks 
  that 
  the 
  ice 
  and 
  snow 
  which 
  remained 
  on 
  the 
  ground 
  the 
  eiitire 
  win- 
  

   ter 
  have 
  had 
  something 
  to 
  do 
  with 
  it. 
  

  

  LAWRENCE 
  BRUNER. 
  

  

  SUMMARY 
  OF 
  THE 
  HABITS 
  OF 
  AND 
  REMEDIES 
  AGAINST 
  THE 
  HESSIAN 
  

  

  FLY. 
  

  

  1. 
  There 
  are 
  two 
  broods 
  of 
  the 
  fly, 
  the 
  first 
  laying 
  their 
  eggs 
  on 
  the 
  

   leaves 
  of 
  the 
  young 
  wheat 
  from 
  early 
  April 
  till 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  May, 
  the 
  time 
  

   varying 
  with 
  the 
  latitude 
  and 
  weather 
  j 
  the 
  second 
  brood 
  appearing 
  dur- 
  

   ing 
  August 
  and 
  tlie 
  early 
  i)art 
  of 
  September, 
  and 
  laying 
  about 
  thirty 
  

   ^ggs 
  on 
  the 
  leaves 
  of 
  the 
  young 
  wiuter 
  wheat. 
  

  

  2. 
  The 
  eggs 
  hatch 
  in 
  about 
  Ibur 
  days 
  after 
  they 
  are 
  laid. 
  Several 
  of 
  

   the 
  maggots 
  or 
  larvae 
  make 
  their 
  way 
  down 
  to 
  the 
  sheathing 
  base 
  of 
  the 
  

   leaf, 
  and 
  remain 
  between 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  the 
  leaves 
  and 
  the 
  stem 
  near 
  the 
  

   roots, 
  causing 
  the 
  stalk 
  to 
  swell 
  and 
  the 
  plant 
  to 
  turn 
  yellow 
  and 
  die. 
  

   By 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  November, 
  or 
  from 
  thirty 
  to 
  forty 
  days 
  after 
  the 
  wheat 
  is 
  

  

  