﻿DESCRIPTION 
  OF 
  THE 
  DERMATOPTERA. 
  289 
  

  

  The 
  following 
  is 
  the 
  succession 
  of 
  orders, 
  placing 
  the 
  lowest 
  upper- 
  

   most: 
  

  

  Dermatoptera 
  Burm. 
  

  

  Ortlioptera 
  Linn. 
  

  

  Fseudoneuroptera 
  Erichson. 
  

  

  N'europtera 
  Linn., 
  restricted 
  by 
  Erichson. 
  

  

  Before 
  discussing 
  the 
  relative 
  standing 
  of 
  these 
  orders, 
  we 
  will 
  briefly 
  

   indicate 
  the 
  more 
  salient 
  and 
  generally 
  applicable 
  differential 
  charac- 
  

   ters, 
  especially 
  what 
  we 
  regard 
  as 
  the 
  more 
  fundamental 
  ones, 
  but 
  

   slightly 
  touching 
  upon 
  the 
  mouth-parts 
  and 
  wings, 
  these 
  being 
  peri- 
  

   pheral 
  and 
  more 
  adaptive 
  characters 
  and 
  liable 
  to 
  greatest 
  variation, 
  

   and 
  being 
  of 
  less 
  value 
  in 
  characterizing 
  the 
  orders 
  of 
  Fhyloptera, 
  

  

  Order 
  1. 
  DERMATOPTERA. 
  

  

  Forficula 
  presents 
  so 
  many 
  features 
  separating 
  it 
  from 
  the 
  Ortho- 
  

   ptera, 
  and 
  is 
  so 
  composite 
  a 
  form, 
  that 
  it 
  should 
  be 
  regarded 
  as 
  the 
  type 
  

   of 
  a 
  distinct 
  order, 
  in 
  which 
  it 
  was 
  originally 
  placed 
  by 
  Leach, 
  Kirby, 
  

   Burmeister, 
  and 
  Westwood. 
  Its 
  composite 
  nature 
  is 
  seen 
  both 
  in 
  the 
  

   etytra 
  and 
  the 
  hind 
  wings, 
  which 
  anticipate 
  the 
  Coleopterous 
  type 
  of 
  

   wings. 
  On 
  the 
  other 
  hand 
  the 
  larva 
  resembles 
  Japyx, 
  the 
  Thysanuran, 
  

   with 
  its 
  anal 
  forceps, 
  and 
  in 
  most 
  respects 
  Forficula 
  is 
  the 
  lowest, 
  

   ' 
  most 
  decided 
  stem-form 
  of 
  the 
  Phyloptera. 
  

  

  The 
  Dermatoptera 
  are 
  characterized 
  by 
  the 
  flatness 
  of 
  the 
  body, 
  and 
  

   the 
  large 
  terminal 
  forceps. 
  The 
  head 
  is 
  flat, 
  horizontal 
  in 
  position, 
  

   while 
  the 
  presence 
  of 
  the 
  Y-shaped 
  epicranial 
  suture 
  is 
  a 
  sign 
  of 
  inferi- 
  

   ority, 
  as 
  it 
  is 
  characteristic 
  of 
  Thysanura 
  and 
  Platypteran 
  larvae 
  as 
  well 
  

   as 
  Coleopterous 
  larvse. 
  The 
  remarkable 
  thoracic 
  structure, 
  which 
  is 
  

   described 
  farther 
  on, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  the 
  curious 
  overlapping 
  of 
  the 
  abdom- 
  

   inal 
  tergites, 
  forbid 
  our 
  uniting 
  the 
  Dermatoptera 
  with 
  the 
  Orthoptera. 
  

   The 
  small, 
  short 
  elytra, 
  and 
  the 
  very 
  large, 
  rounded, 
  longitudinally 
  and 
  

   ouce-cross-folded 
  hind 
  wings, 
  which 
  remind 
  us 
  rather 
  of 
  the 
  Coleoptera 
  

   than 
  Orthoptera, 
  are 
  also 
  important 
  diagnostic 
  features. 
  Finally, 
  the 
  

   metamorphosis 
  of 
  the 
  Dermatoptera 
  is 
  even 
  less 
  complete 
  than 
  that 
  of 
  

   the 
  Orthoptera. 
  

  

  Theligula 
  (PI. 
  XXIII, 
  Fig. 
  6) 
  is 
  bifid, 
  being 
  divided 
  into 
  a 
  pair 
  of 
  two- 
  

   jointed 
  paraglossse. 
  The 
  labium 
  is 
  thus 
  similar 
  to 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  Ortho- 
  

   ptera, 
  though 
  scarcely 
  more 
  like 
  them 
  than 
  like 
  Termes. 
  

  

  Order 
  2. 
  ORTHOPTERA. 
  

  

  The 
  head 
  is 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  vertical 
  in 
  position; 
  the 
  front 
  is 
  very 
  large, 
  

   broad, 
  and 
  long, 
  the 
  epicranial 
  region 
  very 
  large 
  and 
  often 
  hypertrophied. 
  

   The 
  clypeus 
  is 
  large 
  and 
  subdivided 
  as 
  in 
  Pseudoneuroptera. 
  In 
  the 
  

   Orthoptera, 
  as 
  a 
  rule, 
  the 
  deeply-cleft 
  ligula 
  is 
  indistinctly 
  four-lobed, 
  

   the 
  outer 
  x^air 
  of 
  paraglossse 
  very 
  well 
  developed, 
  while 
  the 
  inner 
  pair 
  

   is 
  minute 
  or 
  undeveloped, 
  as 
  in 
  the 
  Acrydii, 
  especially 
  Oaloptenus; 
  

   19 
  E 
  

  

  