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  REPORT 
  UNITED 
  STATES 
  ENTOMOLOGICAL 
  COMMISSION. 
  

  

  but 
  in 
  the 
  Locustarise 
  the 
  ligula 
  is 
  four-lobed^ 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  Gryllidae 
  

   decidedly 
  so. 
  In 
  the 
  Mantidse 
  and 
  Blattarige 
  the 
  ligula 
  is 
  plainly 
  four- 
  

   lobed, 
  nearly 
  as 
  much 
  so 
  as 
  in 
  the 
  Termitidse. 
  In 
  the 
  Phasmidse 
  the 
  

   ligula 
  is 
  intermediate 
  in 
  form 
  between 
  the 
  Mantidse 
  and 
  Locustariae. 
  

  

  The 
  prothorax 
  is 
  usually 
  remarkably 
  large, 
  particularly 
  the 
  notum. 
  

   The 
  meso- 
  and 
  metauotum 
  exactly 
  repeat 
  each 
  other, 
  and 
  the 
  metanotum 
  

   is 
  usually 
  (Acrydii 
  and 
  Locustarise) 
  longer 
  and 
  larger 
  than 
  the 
  mesono- 
  

   tum, 
  the 
  hind 
  wings 
  being 
  almost 
  uniformly 
  much 
  larger 
  than 
  the 
  anterior 
  

   pair. 
  The 
  pleurites 
  are 
  very 
  large 
  and 
  square 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  high, 
  the 
  epi- 
  

   stenia 
  and 
  epimera 
  being 
  large 
  and 
  oblong 
  and 
  equally 
  developed. 
  The 
  

   sternites 
  are 
  very 
  large 
  and 
  broad. 
  The 
  coxae 
  are 
  sometimes 
  (Blatta) 
  very 
  

   large; 
  the 
  hind 
  legs 
  in 
  the 
  Acrydii 
  are 
  much 
  larger 
  than 
  the 
  anterior 
  

   pairs. 
  The 
  fore 
  wings 
  are 
  narrower 
  than 
  the 
  hinder 
  pair, 
  and 
  show 
  a 
  

   slight 
  tendency 
  to 
  become 
  subelytriform 
  j 
  on 
  the 
  other 
  hand 
  the 
  hind 
  

   wings 
  are 
  very 
  large 
  and 
  broad, 
  distinctly 
  net- 
  veined, 
  with 
  numerous 
  

   longitudinal 
  veins, 
  and 
  they 
  fold 
  up 
  longitudinally. 
  

  

  The 
  abdomen 
  has 
  eleven 
  uromeres, 
  the 
  eleventh 
  forming 
  a 
  triangular 
  

   tergite. 
  The 
  cercopoda 
  are 
  often 
  (Blatta, 
  Mantis, 
  &c.) 
  multi- 
  articulate 
  

   and 
  well 
  developed, 
  while 
  the 
  ovipositor 
  is 
  often 
  large 
  and 
  perfect. 
  The 
  

   metamorphosis 
  is 
  more 
  incomplete 
  than 
  in 
  the 
  Pseudoneuroptera. 
  

  

  With 
  the 
  exclusion 
  of 
  the 
  Forficulariae, 
  the 
  Orthoptera, 
  as 
  here 
  re- 
  

   stricted, 
  are 
  a 
  tolerably 
  well 
  circumscribed 
  group; 
  and 
  though 
  there 
  

   are 
  great 
  structural 
  differences 
  between 
  the 
  families, 
  yet 
  the 
  connection 
  

   or 
  sequence 
  of 
  the 
  families 
  from 
  the 
  BlattarisB 
  through 
  the 
  Phasmidae 
  

   and 
  Mantidfe 
  and 
  Acrydii 
  to 
  the 
  Locustariae, 
  and, 
  finally, 
  the 
  highest 
  

   family, 
  the 
  Gryllidae, 
  is 
  one 
  which 
  can 
  be 
  distinctly 
  perceived. 
  There 
  

   is 
  no 
  occasion 
  for 
  a 
  subdivision 
  of 
  the 
  order 
  into 
  groups 
  higher 
  than 
  

   families, 
  as 
  the 
  Blattariae 
  are 
  but 
  a 
  family 
  removed 
  from 
  the 
  Mantidae. 
  

  

  Order 
  3. 
  PSEUDONEUEOPTEEA 
  Erichson. 
  

  

  It 
  is 
  difficult, 
  if 
  not 
  impossible, 
  to 
  satisftictorily 
  characterize 
  by 
  a 
  

   sharp-cut 
  definition 
  this 
  very 
  elastic 
  order. 
  As 
  regards 
  the 
  thorax, 
  

   there 
  is 
  no 
  uniformity 
  in 
  the 
  structure 
  that 
  we 
  have 
  been 
  able 
  to 
  dis- 
  

   cover, 
  nor 
  is 
  there 
  in 
  the 
  structure 
  of 
  the 
  wings, 
  nor 
  more 
  than 
  a 
  gen- 
  

   eral 
  resemblance 
  in 
  the 
  mouth-parts. 
  

  

  The 
  definition 
  of 
  the 
  Pseudoneuroptera 
  in 
  Hagen's 
  Synopsis 
  of 
  the 
  Neu- 
  

   roptera 
  of 
  North 
  America, 
  as 
  given 
  in 
  the 
  analytical 
  table, 
  which 
  is 
  stated 
  

   in 
  a 
  foot-note 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  prepared 
  at 
  the 
  request 
  of 
  the 
  Smithsonian 
  In- 
  

   stitution 
  by 
  Baron 
  Osten 
  Sack 
  en, 
  gives 
  no 
  fundamental 
  characters 
  based 
  

   on 
  a 
  study 
  of 
  the 
  trunk. 
  Those 
  mentioned 
  are 
  what 
  we 
  have 
  called 
  peri- 
  

   pheral 
  characters, 
  i, 
  e., 
  those 
  drawn 
  from 
  the 
  mouth-parts, 
  wings, 
  and 
  ap- 
  

   pendages. 
  So 
  far 
  as 
  we 
  know, 
  no 
  satisfactory 
  definition 
  of 
  the 
  Pseudo- 
  

   neuroptera 
  has 
  ever 
  been 
  given. 
  In 
  Hagen^s 
  Synopsis, 
  among 
  the 
  

   other 
  superficial 
  characters 
  given, 
  are 
  these: 
  *' 
  Lower 
  lip 
  mostly 
  cleft"; 
  

   "antennae 
  either 
  subulate 
  and 
  thin, 
  the 
  tarsi 
  three- 
  to 
  five- 
  articulate; 
  or 
  

   setiform, 
  or 
  filiform, 
  in 
  which 
  case 
  the 
  tarsi 
  are 
  two- 
  to 
  four- 
  articulate.^ 
  

  

  I 
  

  

  