﻿APPENDICES 
  

  

  APPE]\DIX 
  I. 
  

  

  EAELY 
  EEFERENCES 
  TO 
  THE 
  OOOUREENOE 
  OF 
  THE 
  HES- 
  

   SIAN 
  FLY 
  IN 
  NOETH 
  AMEEIOA. 
  

  

  Hoping 
  to 
  find 
  some 
  reference 
  to 
  the 
  occurrence 
  of 
  the 
  Hessian 
  Fly 
  in 
  

   North 
  America, 
  we 
  looked 
  over 
  the 
  following 
  files 
  of 
  newspapers 
  in 
  the 
  

   Congressional 
  Library, 
  probably 
  the 
  richest 
  collection 
  of 
  Colonial 
  news- 
  

   papers 
  in 
  the 
  country. 
  No 
  reference 
  to 
  this 
  insect 
  occurred 
  in 
  the 
  files 
  

   of 
  the 
  Pennsylvania 
  Mercury, 
  April 
  7 
  to 
  December 
  22, 
  1775; 
  April 
  

   1, 
  1785, 
  to 
  December 
  29, 
  1786; 
  nor 
  in 
  the 
  Philadelphia 
  Packet, 
  October 
  

   25, 
  1773, 
  to 
  January 
  8, 
  1776, 
  all 
  that 
  were 
  in 
  the 
  library, 
  the 
  series 
  be- 
  

   ing 
  quite 
  incomplete. 
  We 
  found 
  the 
  followiug 
  note 
  in 
  the 
  Pennsyl- 
  

   vania 
  Mercury 
  and 
  Universal 
  Advertiser, 
  April 
  1, 
  1785, 
  which 
  shows 
  that 
  

   the 
  ravages 
  of 
  the 
  Hessian 
  Fly 
  on 
  Long 
  Island 
  and 
  in 
  West 
  Chester 
  

   in 
  1784 
  were 
  well 
  known. 
  From 
  the 
  context 
  we 
  have 
  good 
  reason 
  

   to 
  infer 
  that 
  the 
  insect 
  referred 
  to 
  was 
  Cecidomyia 
  destructor. 
  

  

  It 
  is 
  said 
  in 
  the 
  newspapers 
  insects 
  destroyed 
  Lammas 
  wheat 
  last 
  year 
  on 
  LoDg 
  

   Island 
  and 
  West 
  Chester, 
  but 
  did 
  not 
  touch 
  the 
  bearded 
  wheat 
  of 
  those 
  places. 
  The 
  

   farmers, 
  there, 
  imputed 
  the 
  safety 
  of 
  the 
  bearded 
  to 
  its 
  straw 
  being 
  much 
  harder 
  and 
  

   stronger 
  than 
  the 
  Lammas 
  or 
  plain 
  wheat. 
  They 
  say, 
  too, 
  flour 
  from 
  that 
  bearded 
  

   wheat 
  is 
  equal 
  to 
  any 
  other 
  among 
  them. 
  A 
  farmer 
  of 
  Maryland 
  asks 
  the 
  aid 
  of 
  the 
  

   lovers 
  of 
  agriculture 
  for 
  his 
  obtaining 
  a 
  handful 
  of 
  it 
  ; 
  to 
  be 
  committed 
  to 
  the 
  charge 
  

   of 
  Mr. 
  George 
  Mifflin, 
  in 
  Front 
  street, 
  near 
  the 
  coffee-house, 
  Philadelphia 
  ; 
  and 
  will 
  be 
  

   glad 
  to 
  gratify 
  them 
  in 
  return. 
  (Signed, 
  X.) 
  ^ 
  

  

  We 
  also 
  append 
  two 
  articles 
  from 
  the 
  Pennsylvania 
  Packet, 
  written 
  

   in 
  1788 
  : 
  

  

  [extract 
  of 
  a 
  letter 
  from 
  falls 
  township, 
  bucks 
  county, 
  may 
  20, 
  PUBLISHED 
  

   IN 
  THE 
  PENNSYLVANIA 
  PACKET 
  AND 
  DAILY 
  ADVERTISER, 
  MAY 
  29, 
  1788.] 
  

  

  The 
  little 
  thing 
  called 
  the 
  Hessian 
  Fly, 
  or 
  insect, 
  I 
  have 
  heard 
  first 
  began 
  to 
  make 
  

   its 
  appearance 
  on 
  Long 
  Island, 
  and 
  cut 
  off 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  wheat 
  there 
  for 
  several 
  years 
  

   past, 
  and 
  last 
  season 
  did 
  considerable 
  damage 
  to 
  the 
  wheat 
  in 
  many 
  parts 
  of 
  East 
  

   Jersey, 
  and 
  near 
  Cresswicks 
  cut 
  off 
  many 
  fields, 
  and 
  even 
  appeared 
  on 
  the 
  bauks 
  of 
  

   Delaware 
  River. 
  Near 
  seed 
  time 
  last 
  year, 
  many 
  persons 
  on 
  the 
  Pennsylvania 
  shore 
  

   saw 
  the 
  same 
  insect 
  so 
  thick 
  in 
  the 
  air, 
  that 
  they 
  appeared 
  like 
  a 
  cloud 
  coming 
  over 
  

   Delaware 
  River; 
  and 
  on 
  examining 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  largest 
  flies 
  they 
  had 
  many 
  of 
  their 
  

   young 
  brood 
  clinging 
  to 
  them, 
  some 
  of 
  which 
  could 
  fly, 
  others 
  not. 
  They 
  have 
  so 
  in- 
  

   fested 
  the 
  wheat 
  fields 
  from 
  the 
  Falls 
  Township 
  to 
  Wakefield, 
  and 
  many 
  are 
  of 
  opin- 
  

   ion 
  much 
  further, 
  that 
  some 
  persons 
  discovering 
  their 
  numbers 
  have 
  pastured 
  their 
  

   green 
  wheat, 
  ploughed 
  and 
  planted 
  their 
  fields 
  with 
  spring 
  produce, 
  and 
  more 
  are 
  

   following 
  their 
  example. 
  

  

  The 
  17th 
  inst. 
  I 
  went 
  into 
  a 
  wheat 
  field 
  to 
  examine 
  for 
  the 
  insect 
  ; 
  some 
  other 
  

   persons 
  came 
  on 
  the 
  like 
  occasion, 
  and 
  on 
  drawing 
  up 
  either 
  green, 
  dry, 
  or 
  dead 
  spires 
  

   of 
  wheat, 
  we 
  saw 
  them 
  plenty 
  in 
  each 
  in 
  a 
  white 
  coloured 
  nit, 
  seed, 
  or 
  worm, 
  and 
  

   where 
  rye 
  grew 
  amongst 
  the 
  wheat 
  it 
  was 
  also 
  full 
  of 
  the 
  insect; 
  and 
  since 
  that 
  time 
  

   the 
  owner 
  of 
  the 
  wheat 
  field 
  has 
  turned 
  in 
  his 
  horses 
  to 
  pasture, 
  and 
  intends 
  to 
  plant 
  

   it 
  with 
  corn 
  shortly. 
  I 
  am 
  credibly 
  informed, 
  that 
  it 
  is 
  the 
  opinion 
  of 
  many 
  in 
  Amwell 
  

   and 
  Hopewell, 
  New 
  Jersey, 
  that 
  they 
  do 
  not 
  expect 
  to 
  save 
  so 
  much 
  as 
  their 
  seed 
  ; 
  many 
  

   of 
  them 
  have 
  ploughed 
  all 
  up 
  and 
  planted 
  with 
  corn. 
  It 
  would 
  be 
  well 
  for 
  all 
  con- 
  

  

  [3] 
  

  

  