﻿[3G] 
  REPOET 
  UNITED 
  STATES 
  ENTOMOLOGICAL 
  COMMISSION. 
  

  

  the 
  growtii 
  of 
  tlie 
  plant. 
  To 
  purposely 
  clieck 
  the 
  growth 
  of 
  the 
  plant 
  

   may, 
  under 
  certain 
  circumstances, 
  be 
  for 
  the 
  interest 
  of 
  the 
  farmer. 
  If 
  

   in 
  spring, 
  owing 
  to 
  rich 
  soil 
  and 
  favorable 
  weather, 
  the 
  crops 
  assume 
  

   an 
  extraordinary 
  growth, 
  possibly 
  causing 
  them 
  to 
  lie 
  down, 
  the 
  evil 
  

   can 
  be 
  prevented 
  by 
  partial 
  removal 
  of 
  their 
  leaves 
  in 
  order 
  to 
  check 
  

   the 
  growth 
  of 
  the 
  plants 
  to 
  some 
  degree. 
  If 
  this 
  procedure 
  is 
  followed 
  

   by 
  favorable 
  weather 
  the 
  plants 
  will 
  soon 
  revive, 
  harvest 
  being 
  then 
  

   usually 
  fair. 
  But 
  lesion 
  of 
  the 
  heart 
  of 
  the 
  plant 
  is 
  followed 
  by 
  worse 
  

   consequences 
  5 
  the 
  destruction 
  of 
  that 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  plant 
  so 
  deeply 
  affects 
  

   the 
  life 
  of 
  the 
  plant 
  that 
  the 
  deformed 
  stalk 
  loses 
  the 
  necessary 
  power 
  

   to 
  fully 
  develop 
  the 
  ear. 
  We 
  still 
  more 
  approach 
  our 
  purpose 
  if 
  we 
  see 
  

   to 
  what 
  the 
  sheep 
  which 
  we 
  drive 
  into 
  the 
  winter 
  crops 
  in 
  spring 
  direct 
  

   their 
  attacks. 
  . 
  If 
  we 
  have 
  once 
  witnessed 
  this 
  we 
  have 
  observed 
  that 
  

   sheei) 
  do 
  not 
  content 
  themselves 
  only 
  with 
  the 
  outer 
  leaves 
  of 
  the 
  

   plants, 
  but 
  that 
  they 
  especially 
  go 
  after 
  the 
  more 
  tender 
  inner 
  leaves. 
  

   On 
  this 
  account 
  grazing 
  in 
  spring 
  must 
  be 
  injurious 
  the 
  more 
  the 
  crops 
  

   have 
  advanced. 
  In 
  the 
  present 
  case, 
  meaning 
  to 
  destroy 
  a 
  great 
  enemy, 
  

   it 
  may 
  be 
  advisable 
  nevertheless 
  in 
  some 
  years 
  to 
  incur 
  this 
  trifling- 
  

   damage 
  to 
  prevent 
  a 
  greater 
  one. 
  Thus 
  we 
  arrived 
  at 
  the 
  following 
  con- 
  

   clusions 
  : 
  Pasturing 
  with 
  sheep 
  is 
  of 
  use 
  at 
  the 
  time 
  of 
  spring 
  swarm- 
  

   ing, 
  provided 
  the 
  above-mentioned 
  regulations 
  are 
  observed, 
  and 
  only 
  

   on 
  fertile 
  soil. 
  

  

  4. 
  Gutting 
  off, 
  the 
  tops 
  of 
  the 
  young 
  wheat 
  cropping 
  (Cropping). 
  

  

  This 
  means 
  the 
  clipping 
  off 
  of 
  the 
  upper 
  leaves 
  with 
  the 
  scythe. 
  Care 
  

   is 
  to 
  be 
  taken 
  not 
  to 
  injure 
  the 
  heart 
  of 
  the 
  plants. 
  This 
  operation 
  is 
  

   connected 
  with 
  the 
  same 
  conditions 
  as 
  the 
  pasturing. 
  Eich 
  soil 
  is 
  here 
  

   also 
  required. 
  As 
  the 
  scythe 
  passes 
  over 
  the 
  heart 
  of 
  the 
  plants, 
  but 
  

   the 
  maggots 
  are 
  in 
  spring 
  near 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  the 
  leaves, 
  cropping 
  will 
  only 
  

   destroy 
  the 
  eggs. 
  As 
  such 
  it 
  is 
  preferred 
  to 
  grazing, 
  not 
  onl}^ 
  on 
  account 
  

   of 
  its 
  greater 
  success, 
  but 
  also 
  because 
  the 
  operation 
  can 
  be 
  better 
  regu- 
  

   lated, 
  not 
  being 
  subject 
  to 
  the 
  choice 
  of 
  the 
  sheep. 
  

  

  5. 
  Bait. 
  

  

  As 
  demonstrated, 
  the 
  majority 
  of 
  pupae 
  remain 
  in 
  the 
  stubble 
  after 
  

   harvest. 
  It 
  is, 
  therefore, 
  proposed 
  to 
  sow, 
  right 
  after 
  cutting, 
  some 
  fur- 
  

   rows 
  with 
  wheat 
  or 
  rye, 
  so 
  that 
  the 
  issuing 
  flies 
  may 
  oviposit 
  on 
  the 
  

   young 
  sprouts, 
  facilitating 
  afterwards 
  their 
  destruction. 
  .There 
  can 
  be 
  

   no 
  doubt 
  as 
  to 
  the 
  efficiency 
  of 
  such 
  bait. 
  If 
  we, 
  f»r 
  instance, 
  imagine 
  

   such 
  bait 
  sown 
  around 
  an 
  infested 
  farm, 
  perhaps 
  also 
  surrounded 
  with 
  

   woods, 
  the 
  flies 
  issuing 
  during 
  the 
  fall 
  swarming 
  would 
  find 
  bait 
  all 
  

   around 
  in 
  the 
  stubble 
  ; 
  nothing 
  would 
  be 
  more 
  presumable 
  than 
  that 
  

   in 
  the 
  late 
  fall 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  maggots 
  would 
  oiecur. 
  Their 
  destruction 
  

   would 
  be 
  of 
  greater 
  gain 
  for 
  the 
  next 
  harvest, 
  since 
  the 
  non-ichneu- 
  

   monized 
  winter 
  generation 
  would 
  be 
  concerned 
  in 
  their 
  destruction. 
  

   To 
  bring 
  this 
  into 
  effect 
  in 
  districts 
  with 
  small 
  farms 
  is, 
  however, 
  diffi- 
  

   cult. 
  To 
  make 
  this 
  remedy 
  very 
  effective 
  it 
  would 
  have 
  to 
  be 
  done 
  in 
  

   concert 
  by 
  all 
  farmers 
  belonging 
  to 
  the 
  district. 
  Wherever 
  summer 
  

   barley 
  is 
  raised 
  we 
  shall 
  hardly 
  miss 
  natural 
  baits, 
  and 
  those 
  are, 
  as 
  

   we 
  know, 
  just 
  that 
  self-sown 
  barley. 
  Whether 
  this 
  is 
  also 
  the 
  case 
  

   with 
  rye 
  and 
  wheat 
  remains 
  to 
  be 
  established. 
  For 
  various 
  reasons 
  

   we 
  may 
  adjudge 
  artificial 
  baits 
  to 
  be 
  of 
  secondary 
  importance. 
  

  

  