﻿APPETVDIX 
  V. 
  

  

  THE 
  HESSIAN 
  FLY 
  NOT 
  IMPORTED 
  FEOM 
  EUEOPE. 
  

   By 
  Dr. 
  H. 
  A. 
  Hagen, 
  CAMBRiDaE, 
  Mass.* 
  

  

  The 
  official 
  publication 
  of 
  Bulletin 
  4, 
  " 
  The 
  Hessian 
  Fly," 
  by 
  Dr. 
  A. 
  

   S. 
  Packard, 
  for 
  the 
  N. 
  A. 
  [U. 
  S.] 
  Entom. 
  Commission, 
  has 
  induced 
  me 
  

   to 
  study 
  again 
  the 
  question 
  of 
  the 
  importation 
  of 
  this 
  insect 
  by 
  Hessian 
  

   troops 
  at 
  an 
  early 
  period 
  of 
  the 
  war. 
  The 
  excellent 
  memoir 
  by 
  Dr. 
  A. 
  

   Fitch 
  was 
  believed 
  to 
  have 
  settled 
  this 
  question 
  in 
  a 
  final 
  manner; 
  

   therefore 
  his 
  opinion 
  was 
  accepted 
  by 
  all 
  subsequent 
  American 
  writers. 
  

  

  The 
  best 
  German 
  monograph 
  on 
  the 
  Hessian 
  fly 
  was 
  written 
  and 
  

   published 
  twenty 
  years 
  ago, 
  in 
  Hesse, 
  by 
  Dr. 
  B. 
  Wagner. 
  He 
  ac- 
  

   knowledges 
  fully 
  the 
  merits 
  of 
  Dr. 
  A. 
  Fitch's 
  monograph, 
  but 
  he 
  objects 
  

   to 
  the 
  historical 
  part 
  and 
  the 
  conclusions 
  based 
  upon 
  it. 
  As 
  Dr. 
  Wag- 
  

   ner's 
  work 
  seemed 
  to 
  have 
  settled 
  the 
  question 
  so 
  thoroughly 
  that 
  for 
  

   twenty 
  years 
  no 
  scientist 
  in 
  Europe 
  has 
  believed 
  in 
  the 
  Hessian 
  im- 
  

   portation, 
  I 
  was 
  rather 
  astonished 
  to 
  find 
  in 
  the 
  Bulletin 
  a 
  reprint 
  of 
  

   the 
  old 
  story, 
  without 
  the 
  slightest 
  acknowledgment 
  of 
  their 
  refutation 
  

   by 
  Dr. 
  Wagner. 
  

  

  I 
  have 
  tried 
  myself 
  to 
  compare 
  as 
  much 
  as 
  possible 
  the 
  different 
  pub- 
  

   lications 
  quoted 
  by 
  Dr. 
  A. 
  Fitch, 
  and 
  arrived 
  at 
  these 
  conclusions 
  : 
  

  

  1. 
  That 
  it 
  is 
  impossible 
  that 
  the 
  fly 
  could 
  have 
  been 
  imported 
  by 
  the 
  

   Hessian 
  troops. 
  

  

  2. 
  That 
  it 
  is 
  very 
  probable 
  that 
  the 
  fly 
  was 
  here 
  before 
  the 
  war. 
  

  

  3. 
  That 
  the 
  fly 
  was 
  not 
  known 
  to 
  exist 
  in 
  Germany 
  before 
  1857. 
  

  

  It 
  has 
  been 
  entirely 
  overlooked 
  that 
  Dr. 
  A. 
  Fitch 
  states 
  himself 
  that 
  

   he 
  has 
  been 
  unable 
  to 
  fill 
  an 
  important 
  desideratum, 
  to 
  make 
  his 
  proofs 
  

   conclusi\e 
  ones. 
  He 
  says 
  : 
  " 
  We 
  have 
  searched 
  in 
  vain 
  for 
  the 
  date 
  of 
  

   the 
  embarkation 
  of 
  the 
  troops 
  or 
  the 
  number 
  of 
  days 
  occupied 
  by 
  them 
  

   in 
  crossing 
  the 
  sea." 
  There 
  were 
  indeed 
  long 
  before 
  published 
  those 
  

   data, 
  but 
  in 
  two 
  works 
  which 
  even 
  to-day 
  are 
  not 
  to 
  be 
  found 
  in 
  any 
  

   library 
  here.t 
  Both 
  these 
  works 
  and 
  the 
  official 
  manuscript 
  report 
  are 
  

   used 
  by 
  Dr. 
  Wagner. 
  But 
  there 
  exist 
  newer 
  publications, 
  all 
  easily 
  

   accessible 
  here, 
  but 
  strangely 
  enough, 
  appear 
  never 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  con- 
  

   sulted.! 
  

  

  I. 
  — 
  It 
  is 
  impossible 
  that 
  the 
  fly 
  could 
  have 
  been 
  imported 
  by 
  the 
  Sessian 
  

  

  troops. 
  

  

  Dr. 
  A. 
  Fitch 
  arrived, 
  after 
  his 
  study 
  of 
  the 
  habits 
  of 
  the 
  fly, 
  to 
  the 
  

   conclusion 
  ^' 
  that 
  there 
  is 
  but 
  one 
  mode 
  and 
  but 
  one 
  month 
  in 
  the 
  year 
  in 
  

  

  * 
  Reprinted 
  from 
  the 
  Canadian 
  Entomologist, 
  October, 
  1880. 
  

  

  t 
  The 
  Biography 
  of 
  the 
  General 
  von 
  Ochs, 
  by 
  L. 
  von 
  Hohenhausen, 
  Cassel, 
  1827, 
  and 
  F. 
  Pflster 
  die 
  

   Fahrt 
  der 
  ersten 
  hessischen 
  Heeres 
  abtheilung 
  von 
  Portsmouth 
  nach 
  N. 
  Tork: 
  Zeitschr. 
  der 
  Vereins 
  

   fuer 
  hessische 
  geschichte 
  nnd 
  Landeskunde, 
  Tom. 
  ii., 
  Cassel, 
  1840. 
  

  

  X 
  Max 
  von 
  Eelking 
  : 
  Die 
  deutschen 
  Huelfstruppen 
  im 
  Nordamerikanischen 
  Befreiungekriege, 
  1776- 
  

   1783, 
  Hannover, 
  1863, 
  2 
  vol. 
  

  

  By 
  the 
  same 
  author 
  : 
  The 
  biography 
  of 
  General 
  Riedesel, 
  Leipzig, 
  1856, 
  3 
  vol. 
  

  

  Friedrich 
  Kapp 
  : 
  Der 
  Soldatenhandel 
  deutscher 
  Fuersten 
  nach 
  Amerika, 
  Berlin, 
  1864. 
  

  

  Bancroft's 
  History, 
  vol. 
  viii., 
  ix. 
  

  

  [43] 
  

  

  