﻿[SB] 
  EEPORT 
  UNITED 
  STATES 
  ENTOMOLOGICAL 
  COMMISSION. 
  

  

  on 
  tlie 
  programme 
  of 
  the 
  aboye-meutioned 
  work 
  of 
  Doon-vey, 
  with 
  the 
  exclusion 
  of 
  

   all 
  that 
  is 
  not 
  quite 
  connected 
  with 
  the 
  subject 
  and 
  the 
  addition 
  of 
  some 
  new 
  facts. 
  

   (3) 
  Poo-hooan-kao, 
  on 
  the 
  extermination 
  of 
  locusts, 
  written, 
  on 
  the 
  example 
  of 
  the 
  

   preceding 
  work, 
  by 
  Tchen-van-shen, 
  as 
  a 
  separate 
  pamphlet 
  or 
  in 
  the 
  collection 
  Hooan- 
  

   tchen-zoon-shoe, 
  collection 
  of 
  regulations 
  against 
  famine, 
  published 
  in 
  1690. 
  Of 
  these 
  

   three 
  works 
  I 
  possess 
  the 
  second 
  in 
  the 
  newer 
  edition 
  of 
  1518. 
  Though 
  this 
  book 
  is 
  

   already 
  four 
  centuries 
  old, 
  its 
  author 
  is 
  still 
  very 
  popular, 
  and 
  the 
  book 
  is 
  even 
  now 
  

   a 
  vade 
  mecum 
  of 
  every 
  official 
  in 
  China 
  who 
  has 
  anything 
  to 
  do 
  with 
  the 
  question. 
  In 
  

   its 
  twelve 
  chapters 
  all 
  misfortunes 
  from 
  poor 
  harvests, 
  want 
  or 
  excess 
  of 
  rains, 
  locusts, 
  

   and 
  other 
  losses 
  which 
  we 
  have 
  to 
  encounter, 
  the 
  Chinese 
  are 
  very 
  well 
  informed 
  

   about, 
  and 
  they 
  have 
  proposed 
  a 
  quantity 
  of 
  ways 
  to 
  prevent 
  these 
  calamities. 
  

  

  The 
  same 
  ways 
  of 
  exterminating 
  the 
  locust 
  of 
  which 
  Tjoo-soon-vey-zsy 
  speaks 
  are 
  

   at 
  the 
  present 
  day 
  used 
  in 
  China. 
  Considering 
  that 
  his 
  book 
  is 
  four 
  centuries 
  old, 
  

   ■one 
  wonders 
  that 
  the 
  Chinese 
  should 
  not 
  have 
  found 
  something 
  newer 
  and 
  better 
  

   .since; 
  but, 
  on 
  the 
  other 
  hand, 
  one 
  cannot 
  help 
  admiring 
  them 
  for 
  obliging 
  their 
  

   ■superstitious 
  brothers 
  to 
  exterminate 
  the 
  locust 
  so 
  long 
  ago, 
  when 
  even 
  in 
  our 
  day 
  

   •one 
  has 
  so 
  much 
  trouble 
  to 
  make 
  some 
  Russian 
  and 
  West 
  European 
  peasants 
  do 
  it. 
  I 
  

   have 
  several 
  times 
  in 
  China 
  seen 
  invasions 
  of 
  these 
  insects, 
  and 
  have 
  noticed 
  that 
  

   every 
  Chinese 
  countryman 
  now 
  does 
  his 
  utmost 
  to 
  exterminate 
  them, 
  though 
  he 
  still 
  

   -considers 
  their 
  coming 
  to 
  be 
  a 
  punishment 
  sent 
  by 
  Heaven. 
  The 
  following 
  is 
  a 
  trans- 
  

   lation 
  of 
  the 
  ninth 
  chapter 
  of 
  the 
  above-mentioned 
  work, 
  as 
  far 
  as 
  it 
  speaks 
  of 
  the 
  

   -extermination 
  of 
  locusts, 
  with 
  some 
  exjalanations: 
  

  

  ''It 
  is 
  said 
  that 
  during 
  the 
  reign 
  of 
  the 
  Tan 
  dynasty 
  the 
  Emperor 
  Tai-Tzoon 
  (dy- 
  

   nasty 
  Tan 
  from 
  627 
  ante 
  till 
  649 
  post 
  Christum) 
  swallowed 
  a 
  locust 
  and 
  Tao-Choon 
  exter- 
  

   minated 
  locusts. 
  Some 
  people 
  laugh 
  at 
  that, 
  and 
  say 
  that 
  we 
  want 
  to 
  be 
  cleverer 
  

   than 
  Heaven, 
  going 
  against 
  its 
  will. 
  I 
  don't 
  think 
  so! 
  We 
  know 
  that 
  the 
  misfor- 
  

   tunes 
  which 
  come 
  over 
  us 
  are 
  of 
  different 
  natures. 
  One 
  can 
  take 
  means 
  against 
  some 
  

   -of 
  them, 
  while 
  all 
  human 
  power 
  is 
  useless 
  against 
  some 
  others. 
  So 
  you 
  have 
  to 
  bear 
  

   patiently 
  excess 
  of 
  waters, 
  of 
  early 
  frosts 
  ; 
  but 
  you 
  have 
  watering 
  engines 
  against 
  

   •dryness, 
  and 
  you 
  can 
  get 
  rid 
  of 
  locusts 
  by 
  exterminating 
  them. 
  It 
  is 
  possible 
  that 
  

   there 
  should 
  be 
  no 
  means 
  against 
  such 
  a 
  calamity. 
  The 
  local 
  authorities 
  must 
  take 
  

   •care 
  of 
  the 
  people, 
  and 
  must 
  also 
  make 
  them 
  understand 
  that 
  they 
  have 
  to 
  protect 
  

   themselves 
  against 
  such 
  kind 
  of 
  misfortunes. 
  Once, 
  the 
  governor 
  of 
  a 
  district, 
  know- 
  

   J.Hg- 
  that 
  locusts 
  do 
  not 
  eat 
  shoots 
  of 
  i)eas, 
  when 
  the 
  locusts 
  came 
  gathered 
  a 
  quantity 
  

   of 
  seed 
  of 
  field 
  peas 
  and 
  persuaded 
  the 
  country 
  people 
  to 
  seed 
  nothing 
  but 
  that 
  on 
  

   their 
  fields 
  ; 
  the 
  consequence 
  was 
  that 
  not 
  only 
  the 
  locusts 
  did 
  not 
  eat 
  anything, 
  but 
  

   the 
  next 
  spring 
  the 
  people 
  had 
  some 
  profit. 
  (I 
  have 
  to 
  beg 
  the 
  reader 
  to 
  excuse 
  the 
  

   author 
  for 
  repeating 
  this 
  old 
  story. 
  If 
  he 
  believed 
  that 
  locusts 
  do 
  not 
  eat 
  pea-shoots, 
  

   one 
  would 
  only 
  have 
  to 
  advise 
  never 
  to 
  grow 
  anything 
  but 
  that 
  on 
  the 
  fields 
  visited 
  

   by 
  locusts. 
  The 
  Chinese 
  believe 
  that 
  in 
  ancient 
  times 
  there 
  were 
  in 
  everything 
  ex- 
  

   amples 
  of 
  luck, 
  order, 
  and 
  knowledge.) 
  That 
  is 
  the 
  way 
  they 
  acted 
  iu 
  ancient 
  times. 
  

   We 
  see 
  in 
  the 
  chronicles 
  of 
  the 
  Emperor 
  Shen-Tzoon's 
  reign 
  (dj'uasty 
  of 
  Soon, 
  reigned 
  

   from 
  1068-10d5 
  T. 
  D.), 
  in 
  1075, 
  he 
  ordered 
  that 
  the 
  district 
  governors 
  and 
  their 
  assist- 
  

   ants 
  should 
  be 
  personally 
  present 
  at 
  the 
  places 
  where 
  locusts 
  were 
  expected 
  to 
  appear 
  ; 
  

   and 
  in 
  case 
  the 
  invaded 
  country 
  is 
  large, 
  that 
  the 
  younger 
  district 
  ofiicers 
  should 
  be 
  

   also 
  ordered 
  thither; 
  they 
  and 
  the 
  village 
  chiefs 
  were 
  obliged 
  to 
  invite 
  the 
  peoi)le 
  to 
  

   gather 
  the 
  locusts. 
  For 
  five 
  shens 
  (one 
  ''shen" 
  Chinese 
  measure 
  contains 
  nearly 
  

   25 
  cubic 
  inches) 
  ofJarvse 
  of 
  locusts, 
  or 
  for 
  ten 
  shens 
  of 
  locusts, 
  the 
  gatherers 
  received 
  

   one 
  shen 
  of 
  fine 
  millet, 
  and 
  for 
  one 
  shen 
  of 
  locust 
  eggs 
  two 
  shen 
  ot 
  coarse 
  millet, 
  or 
  

   they 
  could 
  also 
  get 
  the 
  corresponding 
  price 
  in 
  money. 
  After 
  that 
  the 
  ofiicers 
  and 
  vil- 
  

   lage 
  chiefs 
  had 
  to 
  burn 
  the 
  locusts. 
  If 
  any 
  one 
  had 
  his 
  crops 
  eaten 
  up 
  he 
  was 
  freed 
  

   from 
  taxes 
  on 
  the 
  projDerty 
  for 
  one 
  year, 
  and 
  was 
  rewarded, 
  in 
  correspondence 
  with 
  

   his 
  losses, 
  with 
  money, 
  but 
  not 
  exceeding 
  the 
  value 
  of 
  a 
  hundred 
  moo 
  of 
  land 
  (one 
  moo 
  

   is 
  a 
  Chinese 
  square 
  measure 
  about 
  132 
  square 
  Russian 
  sageens, 
  or 
  about 
  135 
  square 
  

   fathoms). 
  

  

  '' 
  Such 
  was 
  the 
  very 
  efiicient 
  way 
  of 
  exterminating 
  the 
  locusts 
  during 
  the 
  Soon 
  

   dynasty. 
  But, 
  though 
  this 
  method 
  may 
  be 
  very 
  good,4^tiGed, 
  I 
  think, 
  however, 
  that 
  

   one 
  can 
  exterminate 
  this 
  insect 
  directly 
  after 
  its 
  appearance. 
  Generally 
  villagers 
  

   get 
  frightened 
  at 
  the 
  arrival 
  of 
  those 
  insects, 
  worship 
  them, 
  sacrifice 
  to 
  them, 
  and 
  do 
  

   not 
  dare 
  to 
  exterminate 
  them, 
  and 
  therefore 
  never 
  can 
  get 
  rid 
  of 
  them. 
  They 
  never 
  

   hear 
  of 
  the 
  contest 
  of 
  the 
  times 
  of 
  the 
  Tan 
  dynasty, 
  between 
  Minister 
  Tao-tchoon 
  

   and 
  his 
  colleagues, 
  Neejo-Shoei 
  and 
  Loo-Hooai-Tchen. 
  I 
  will 
  tell 
  about 
  it, 
  and 
  in 
  

   case 
  locusts 
  should 
  appear 
  anywhere 
  my 
  story 
  should 
  be 
  promptly 
  published 
  and 
  dis- 
  

   tributed 
  for 
  public 
  information, 
  that 
  the 
  old 
  and 
  learned 
  people 
  may 
  explain 
  it 
  and 
  

   teach 
  the 
  commoners. 
  The 
  fifth 
  year 
  of 
  Uan-tzoou's 
  reign 
  (716 
  T. 
  D.) 
  when 
  the 
  dis- 
  

   trict 
  of 
  Shooan 
  got 
  infested 
  by 
  locusts, 
  and 
  the 
  inhabitants 
  were 
  beginning 
  to 
  sacri- 
  

   fice 
  to 
  them 
  and 
  gave 
  up 
  to 
  them 
  their 
  crops 
  — 
  not 
  daring 
  to 
  catch 
  them, 
  the 
  Minister 
  

   Tao-tchoon 
  said 
  to 
  the 
  Emperor 
  ' 
  to 
  capture 
  there 
  those 
  brigand 
  insects 
  and 
  deliver 
  

   them 
  to 
  the 
  flames.' 
  This 
  expression 
  was 
  a 
  quotation 
  from 
  an 
  ancient 
  poem 
  about 
  the 
  

   destruction 
  of 
  locusts. 
  Though 
  an 
  officer 
  had 
  been 
  sent, 
  therefore, 
  to 
  the 
  district 
  

   Tian-Djou, 
  and 
  was 
  preparing 
  to 
  fulfil 
  his 
  duty, 
  the 
  local 
  governor, 
  Neejo-Shoei, 
  told 
  

  

  