® 



there is now found a deep excavation, containing a larva of the 2nd 

 stage together with a single exuvia" 



" In the beginning of June, the galls become more developed, having 

 assumed a depressed oval or rouud form and their stalk is strongly 

 compressed and marked with some longitudinal streaks. The finger-like 

 leaves or processes growing on the periphery of the central disc are 

 now more swollen than before, and have their ends directed towards 

 the center of the disc, where they all meet together just as in the buds 

 of chrysanthemum flower. Outside the circle of these processes, there 

 lies another circle of slender horn-like process, as well as the deformed 

 leaves. The central cavity of the disc becomes wider and deeper than 

 in the previous stage." 



" In the last part of June, the finger-like processes grow in size, 

 and form a nearly spindle-shaped sac. The central hollow disc becomes 

 shallow, and the sacs are directed outwards, looking like a fully opened 

 flower. In this case, a single gall is about 2 cm. in diameter, and 

 of a light greenish color, although some are much larger with a dia- 

 meter of about 4 cm. Each of the sacs lying around the central disc 

 contains usually a single wingless viviparous female together with the 

 numerous larvae laid by it. In the middle of July, the galls attain 

 this full growth, the diameter reaching about 6 cm. Each spindle- 

 shaped sac now assumes an elongated oval form and has a light 

 greenish yellow color. The larvae contained in a single sac develope 

 into pupae and when the winged insects are ready to emerge, the free 

 rounded end of the sac opens, and the insects fly out in succession. 

 These are all females and produce the young parthenogenetically either 

 in-or oukide the galls. These larvae after moulting once pass into the 

 2nd stage." 



