Limonite ore-beds of the Limestone region. 135 
New York ore-beds the relation of the schist is well exhibited 
in the Weed ore-pit in the town of Copake, and in the ore-pit, 
a mile and a half to the west of the village of Pawling. 
Limestone strata outcrop near or within many of the pits. In 
Richmond, Mass., at the Cone ore-pit, a steeply dipping lime- 
Stone stratum forms part of the northwest side; and at the 
Cheever ore-pit there is an outcropping bed a few yards to the 
west, conformable with the slate; at the Leet ore-pit, in West 
Stockbridge, limestone forms a ledge close by the pit. At the 
Miles ore-pit, in Copake, a bed of limestone was met with cut- 
ting through it, having the strike and dip of the region. The 
Vermont Geological Report states (p. 820) that a limonite bed 
in Western Bennington reposes on an impure ferruginous lime- 
Stone, and it alludes to the similar position of the ore in other 
s of the State. 
carbonates, such beds, when air and moisture have access 
to them, are in all cases undergoing alteration to limonite. 
Tn some of the ferriferous limestone manganese replaces part 
of the iron. : 
The pure carbonate of iron has been found thus far ony in 
western Berkshire. At the Leet ore-bed, one and a half 
miles west of the village of West Stockbridge, there projects 
from the east side of the pit, what is called the “white horse,” 
Stayish white color, distinguished as ‘white ore.” It has for 
many years been quarried and used in the furnace along with 
the limonite. This “ white ore” is so close-grained as to be 
almost flint-like in aspect, and it evidently owes its preserva- 
tion from change to this quality, which renders it impervious to 
water. Wherever there are cracks water and air have entered, 
and the cracks are widely bordered with limonite. Some 
Pleces have a thin crust of limonite—a quarter to half an 
lnch thick—showing some progress of the alteration even over 
the harder portions. There are botryoidal prominences of the 
limestone of a hill close by the north edge of the ore-pit ; and 
hence it was probabl ott of a stratum that has disappeared, 
ver the interval between them, by alteration. I have been 
