274 W. EF. Gard—Analyses of Cast Nickel. 
Art. XXXVI.—Analyses of Cast Nickel, and en on 
the combining of Carbon and Silicon with Nicke 1; by WILLIAM 
K. Garp. Contributions from the Sheffield ‘Laboratory of 
Yale College. No. L. 
NUMEROUS analyses of commercial nickel have been pub- 
lished, according to which the usual impurities of this product 
are cobalt, iron, copper, sulphur, arsenic, alumina, alkaline 
earths and silica, in very varying quantities. In a few cases 
carbon is report rted. 
In text-books of metallurgy it is usually stated that the 
final step in the process of preparing commercial nickel is to 
reduce the oxide in the form of lumps or cubes without fusion 
by means of charcoal. According to Kerl,* the already 
reduced outside portion of the cube takes up carbon by con- 
tact and transfers it to the interior. If the reduced metal be 
allowed to remain in contact with the coal at a high tempera- 
ture, it takes up more and more carbon. It is also stated in 
Gmelin’s Handbook of Chemistry. on the authority of Déber- 
einer, that nickel takes up carbon 
The nickel plates now largely used as anodes for nickel 
t 
oxides, as alumina, alkaline earths and silica. The oe 
analyses show, per that silica may be reduced and retained 
as silicon, and that a considerable amount of carbon may be 
nt. 
presen 
No. L No. I. No, Ii. 
b- we ee a 
n, "530 549 17104 1080 1°900 1°830 
Silicon, 303 294 130 “125 255 "268 
ron 464 463 "108 110 301 318 
Cobalt, 446 438 trace trace 
Sulphur, 049 05 2 "84 104 = 096 
[Nickel], 98°208 987199 98°392 98°345 97°440 977488 
——— 
100°000 100000 100-000 100000 =—100°000 100°000 
Carbon was estimated by the method that is generally 
employed in this labora for its determination in iron, viz: 
treatment with solution of perfect! neutral normal cupric 
chloride, or of cupric ammonium 8 te and combustion of 
the residue after washing on an asbestos filter. The action of 
* Handbuch der metallurg. Hiittenkunde, vol. iv, p. 482, 1865. 
+ Vol. v, p. 366, 1851. 
