0. C. Marsh— Vertebrate Life in America. 869 
below the middle Hocene, where two extinct genera, Nyetilestes 
and Nyetithertwm, are each represented by numerous remains. 
These fossils all belong to small animals, and, so far as they 
have been investigated, show no characters of more than generic 
importance to distinguish them from the Bats of to-da 
other members of this group are known from “ Tertiary. 
found in North America, but from the caves 3 “Brazil quite 
a number have been reported. These all belong to genera 
still living in South America, and most of them to the family 
Phyllostomide. 
The lias date back, in this country, at least to the 
middle Eocene. Here numerous remains occur, which have 
been described as belonging to this order, although it is pos- 
sible that some of them were insect-eating Marsupials. The 
best known genera are, — oo Talpavus, snk 
Entomacodon ; all represented by animals of small size. In 
the Miocene, ‘the bones of jo are comparatively abun- 
dant, and the genera best determined are Jctops and Leptictis. 
few specimens only have been found in the Pliocene and 
Post-Pliocene, most of shen related to the Moles. No extinct 
Insectivores are known from South America, and no member 
of the group exists there at present. 
The Carnivora, or true flesh-eating ~~ — an old type, 
well represented in the Eocene, and, t be expected, 
these early forms are much less ae, Sr pits the living 
species. In the Coryphodon beds, the genus Limnocyon, 
allied to the Pterodon of the European Eocene, is abundant. 
nother genus, apparently distinct, is Prototomus, oe several 
others have been named from fragmentary fossi In the 
middle Eocene, Carnivores were still more numerous, and many 
genera have been discovered. One of these, Zimnoj/elis, was 
nearly as large as a lion, and pd ea gd allied to the cats, 
although the typical Felide seem not yet to have been differen- 
tia 
cyon, = Coheonion 
In our Western Miocene, Carnivores are abundant, and 
aces an approach to modern types. The Felide are well rep- 
resented, the most interesting genus being Jachairodus, which 
is not uncommon in the Oreodon beds on both sides of the 
untains. An allied genus is Dinietis, and several 
smaller Cats are known from about the same horizon. The 
Canide are represented by Amphicyon, a Kuropean genus, and 
' Am. Jour, Sci. re Serizs, Vou. XIV, No. 83.—Noy., 1877. 
