388 W. Pengelly—Cavern Exploration in Devonshire. 
4th. A red, tenacious, clayey loam, containing a large num- 
‘ber of angular and subangular fragments of limestone, varying 
from very small bits to blocks a ton in weight, made up the 
third bed. “ Pebbles of trap, quartz and limestone were some- 
what prevalent, whilst nodules of brown hematite and blocks 
of stalagmite were occasionally met with in it. The usual 
depth of the bed was from two to four feet, but this was ex- 
ceeded by four or five feet in two localities. 
5th. The third bed lay immediately on an accumulation of 
pebbles of quartz, greenstone, grit and limestone, mixed with 
small fragments of shale. The depth of this, known as the 
fourth or gravel bed, was undetermined ; for, excepting a few 
feet only, the limestone bottom was nowhere reached. There 
is abundant evidence that this bed, as well as a stalagmitic 
floor which had covered it, had been partially broken up and 
dislodged before the introduction of the third bed. 
rganic remains were found in the stalagmitic floor and in 
each of the beds beneath it, with the exception of the second 
only; but as ninety-five per cent of the whole series occurred 
in the third, this was not unfrequently termed the bone bed. 
The mammals represented in the stalagmite were bear, rein- 
deer, Rhinoceros tichorhinus, mammoth, and cave lion. 
e first bed yielded bear and fox only. 
In the third bed were found relics of mammoth, Rhinoceros 
tichorhinus, horse, Bos primigenius, B. longifrons, red deer, rein- 
deer, roebuck, cave lion, cave hyena, cave bear, grizzly bear, 
brown bear, fox, hare, rabbit, Lagomys spelceus, water-vole, 
shrew, polecat and weasel. 
e only remains met with in the fourth bed were those of 
bear, horse, ox and mammoth. 
human industrial remains exhumed in the cavern were 
flint implements and a hammer-stone, and occurred in the third 
and fourth beds only. The pieces of flint met with were thirty- 
six in number. Of these, fifteen are held to show evidence of 
having been artificially worked, in nine the workmanship is 
rude or doubtful, four have been mislaid, and the remainder 
are believed not to have been worked at all (see Phil. Trans., 
vol. elxiii, 1878, pp. 561, 562). Of the undoubted tools, eleven 
were found in the third and four in the fourth bed. Two of 
those yielded by the third bed, found forty feet apart, in two 
distinct but adjacent galleries, and one a month before the 
other, proved to be parts of one and the same nodule-tool; and 
I have little or no doubt that it had been washed.out of the 
fourth bed and re-deposited in the third. 
he hammer-stone was a quartzite pebble, found in the upper 
portion of the fourth bed, and bore distinct marks of the use 
to which it had been applied. 
