W. Pengelly—Cavern Exploration in Devonshire. 391 
may have been furnished by the districts adjacent to the cavern- 
hills respectively, but not by the hills themselves, and must 
have been deposited prior to the existing local geographical 
conditions. In each, this bed contained flint implements an 
relics of bear, but in neither of them those of hyzena. In short, 
the fourth bed of Windmill Hill Cavern, Brixham, and the breccia 
of Kent's Hole, Torquay, are coéval, and belong to what I have 
called the Ursne period of the latter. 
2d. The beds just mentioned were in each cavern sealed 
with a sheet of stalagmite, which was partially broken up, and 
considerable portions of the subjacent beds were dislodged 
before the introduction of the beds next deposited. . 
3d. The great bone bed, both at Brixham and Torquay, 
consisted of red clayey loam, with a large percentage of angular 
fragments of limestone; and contained flake implements of flint 
and chert, inosculating with remains of mammoth, the tichorhine 
rhinoceros, and hyzna. In fine, the cave-earth of Kent’s Hole 
and the third bed of Brixham Cavern correspond in their mate- 
rials, in their osseous contents, and in their flint tools. They 
both belong to what I have named the Hyenine period of the 
Torquay Cave. 
But, as already stated, there are points in which the two cav- 
erns differ : 
Ist. While Kent’s Hole was the home of man, as well as of - 
the contemporary hysna during the absences of the human 
occupant, there is no reason to suppose that either man or any 
of the lower animals ever did more than make occasional visits 
to Brixham cave. The latter contained no flint chips, no bone 
tools, no utilized Pecten-shells, no bits of charcoal, and no copro- 
lites of hyzena, all of which occurred in the cave-earth of Kent’s 
ole. 
2d. In the Torquay Cave, relics of hyzena were much more 
abundant in the eave-earth than those of any other species. 
Taking the teeth alone, of which vast numbers were found, 
those of the hyzena amounted to about 30 per cent of the entire 
series, notwithstanding the fact that, compared with most of the 
cave-mammals, his jaws, when furnished completely, possess 
but few teeth. At Brixham, on the other hand, his relics of 
all kinds amounted to no more than 8% per cent of all the 
tools were unpolished flints, until the quarrymen broke into it 
early in A. D. 1858. Kent's Cavern, on the contrary, seems 
