464 W. Upham—Northern part of the Connecticut Valley 
miles, 674; mouth of Passumpsic River, 83 miles, 460; at 
Wells River, 95 miles, 407; at Hanover, 130 miles, 373; at 
White River Junction, 184 miles, 333; at Windsor, 146 miles, 
804; at Bellows Falls, 170 miles, fall from 283 to 234; at 
Brattleboro’, 192 miles, 200; at South Vernon (Massachusetts 
line), 202 miles, 180. 
The general course of the river to the mouth of Hall’s 
stream is S. 60° W. High wooded hills border the valley 
which is destitute of modified drift for half of the way. The 
largest alluvial area is on Indian stream, and the highest ter- 
races are of coarse gravel, 30 to 40 feet above the river. 
From the mouth of Hall’s stream to that of John’s River, at 
the head of Fifteen-miles Falls, the general course is S. 13° W., 
with a descent in nearly fifty miles of only 255 feet, one-fifth 
of which: takes place in the first two miles, and two-fifths more 
in the nine miles between Columbia bridge and North Stratford. 
Below the first two miles the modified drift is continuous 
along this whole distance; and, including+both sides, it is 
usually a half milé to one and a half miles wide. It is very 
simple, having two heights, and consisting of the present flood- 
plain, bordered by remnants of that which filled the valley in 
the Champlain period. This ancient flood-plain is represented 
by a lateral terrace of sand or fine gravel, from 40 to 120 feet 
above the river, usually remaining at both sides, and in many 
places forming considerable plains. 
At Colebrook we find an interesting gravel ridge or kame, 
portions of which remain north of the junction of Beaver 
brook and Mohawk River, but most noticeably west of the vil- 
lage, extending nearly a mile parallel with the river. Its 
height is about seventy feet above the river, and fifty above 
the low alluvium on each side. Its material is the same as 
' that of the long kame farther south in this valley, being prin- 
cipally coarse water-worn gravel, with abundant pebbles six 
inches to one foot in diameter. In Stratford and Brunswick 
both heights of the alluvium are well shown, the highway be- 
ing on the upper terrace and the railroad on the meadow. At 
«Lancaster the upper terrace of Connecticut River is only fifteen 
or twenty feet above the present flood-plain. The only higher 
modified drift has been brought down by tributaries. Part of 
Lancaster village is built on one of these deltas, formed by 
Israel’s River on its south side, fifty feet above the terrace of 
the main valley. This delta sloped rapidly westward, and 
formerly occupied the whole area of the village; a portion of 
it, twenty feet lower than the former, remains at the cemetery 
opposite the court-house. 
Between South Lancaster and Fifteen-miles Falls the broad 
river-plain is unterraced. It seems probable that a lake ex- 
