102 APPENDIX T. 



A'isible where the sand bank is found, this ajipjirently overlying the breccia. At the commencement of 

 the arch of the boot-like form is an outcrop of soft sandstone formed of similar material to that now 

 lying on the beach. It is being eroded, and its fragments assist in increasing the similarity between 

 the sandstone and beach, even if they do not cause it. Another similar outcrop is observed immediately 

 lagoonwards of the Hurricane Bank, just in front of the heel. Both these outcrops will be fiu'ther 

 discussed in describing the next island of Tefota. 



The eastern end extends in a level floor back to near the Hurricane Bank, where in places a normal 

 clinker field occurs. This diminishes in width as the island narrows, but, with an occasional small 

 solution area, it continues more or less for nearly the whole length of the island back to its western end. 

 On the ocean side the extreme western end, like that of IMotiiloa, has lost its Hurricane Bank, and is 

 being eroded away, both these being adjaceni to a wide breach. It is at this point sheltered behind the 

 largest mass of coral breccia which is some yards distant. Between the two the breccia sheet is almost 

 bare and undergoing slow erosion, the waters impinging on this mass l)eing thrown high in the air and 

 driven by the H.E. winds on to the breccia behind it. Also on either side of it the seas, divided by 

 this mass into moi"e confined areas on the west and on the east sides, roll on the former through the 

 nearest breach at Motusanapa, and on the latter on to the island and in an olilique and circuitous channel, 

 finally draining over into the lagoon. The corrosion zone also narrows quicklj^ from this pohit and 

 curves inwards towards the lagoon. The Hurricane Bank, which commences immediately east of the 

 oblique breach, rapidly increases in height, till it is 13 feet above high water opposite the next high 

 boss of 1)reccia, and within another 100 yards it attains a height for a short distance of 16 feet above 

 high water. (See Plate 5, Section 2, Telele.) This height, which is not reached anywhere else on the 

 atoll, would appear to be due to the coral dvhrix having been cast up into a mass of scrub, lining the 

 older and less high summit, which lias retained this small material ; it certainlj^ does occur in among 

 the living and dead stems of such a scrub. Landwards is a steep declivity to a narrow incipient 

 corrosion area at its foot, while on the outer slope of the Hurricane Bank, which is very steep just here, 

 well-rolled pebbles make up most of its bulk. Below it there is the smooth worn breccia sheet, Avhich 

 becomes more rough as it approaches the corrosion zone, and then the O.L.I platform, whicli is of similar 

 width to that at Motuloa. 



Contiiniing along this zone eastwards, othei' large masses, but of less height and size than at the west 

 end of Telele, are met with on or near the corrosion area and outwards from the present breccia 

 defence, which has been eroded back a considerable distance further than usual along this reef. The 

 corrosion area is widened to just this extra distance, while the intensity of the wave-action over this 

 area is apparent in the jagged corrosion hollows, many of which along here are the deepest and widest 

 on the atoll. The water ai)peais to always lie in some of them 1 foot to 18 inches in depth, and below 

 the surface of the platform itself, while they are both wide and long. On the beach behind them, for 

 a corresponding distance near this east end, lie the l)reccia masses torn from this area ; they are found 

 in sheets or cakes up to and over a yard square, by 9 to 18 inches in thickness. That they have come 

 from these areas is indisputable; here are the comparatively freshly-broken rough straightish edges of 

 the breccia .sheet, agreeing thoroughly in thickness and freshness of fracture with those on the beach. 

 On their inider side thej' exhibit fragments of Hfliopora among other corals, similar to what one 

 has seen on such masses at other islands. Many similar masses lie where they have been simply lifted 

 and fractuied but not removed ; others aie tuined over, others moved part of the way and lodged 

 against a fixed unmoved mass or other obstacle, while all up the Hurricane Bank they lie more or less 

 closely and thickly. This certainly is the most severely torn up breccia sheet I have seen, though there 

 are other places on these eastern islands where it has been similarly though less intensely afTected. 

 Approaching the " heel " of the " boot-form " of this end, the rugged character of the breccia sheet 

 increases and widens, ])ut the corrosion hollows terminate a short distance before reaching the breaches 

 which separate Telele and Tefota. Along the " heel " the eroded l)reccia passes till it reaches a curve 



