114 APPENDIX IL 



N. Much of the Pontes here is relatively smaller and lower compared with those usually seen a little 

 north of this, as though from arrested growth. 



AVALAU {Plate 5). 



A. Tops of Porites appear through the surface of the l)reccia. 



B. Only the denuded stumps of Porites seen about here. 



C. The breccia rampart is reduced to very low cliffs or pinnacles or scarps. 



D. Denuded stumps of Porites. 



E. Somewhat soft coarse sandstone in parts, giving place to fine breccia. 



F. An abrupt step of 2 feet 6 inches in breccia occurs here, which gradually disappears. 



G. Native well in sandj' soil intermixed with gravel and shingle somewhat similar to that round the 

 native wells of Fongafale. 



H. A^ery little except breccia and coral rubble, up to 12 inches hy 9 inches by 6 inches. 



J. Porites seen in a few places, especially along the beach. 



K. Channel eroded in breccia. 



L. Breccia composed of sharp angular blocks with a fine-grained cementing material. 



MOTUNGIE AND NUKUSAVALIVALI (Plate 5). 



A. The sand along these two north beaches yields the most perfect Tinoporus baculatus seen anywhere 

 in quantity on the atoll. 



B. At this place there is an area of newly deposited large and small sized coral rubble, all loosely 

 disposed, and with a general but irregular l)edding, like the breccia itself, which it closely simulates ; it 

 lies under water, behind the breccia cap, and sheltered by it. 



C. Cocoanut and pandanus trees falling here. 



D. Coarse sandstone, y 10° N. 



E. Montipora is again seen among the breccia, right side up, almost as perfect as when it grew, but 

 slightly weathered, imbedded in and partly covered by the eroding breccia, and apparent!}^ in situ. 



F. Alternately fine rublilc and coarse and foraminiferal sand. 



G. Coarse breccia. 



H. Pool with patches of growing coral. 



J. Some of the breccia sheet cippears to dip seawards 



MOTULOA (Plate 5). 



A. Matted roots being vmdermined ; shrubs and trees falling. 



B. Projections of breccia covered with " Ngie " trees. 



C. Storm l)reach. 



I). Pumice scattered about in parts over surface, thick in places, and matted with the roots. 



E. Coarse sand and gravel, only a few large stones. 



F. Immense numbers of the small bivalve Cardiuin frafjum here. 



G. Much of this island is covered over with fragments of pumice, and, in other places, swept over by 

 the south-east gales, which have made and are making breaches right across, wherever the breccia defence 

 is nearly or quite eroded. 



H. Breccia defence is nearly eroded here. 

 J. Breach through, between the trees. 



