122 APPENDIX II. 



M'-. Here, in the face of the Hurricane Beach, a trench was put in to ascertain if there was any sign of 

 cementation or consolidation having commenced. The trench was begun about 2 feet above high 

 water, about 6 or 8 inches above the breccia cap, and continued to the summit of Hurricane Beach ; the 

 material consisted of old and worn coral and of breccia, apparently from the breccia escarpment, at zone 

 0.2. D., and the floor of platform; with it was mingled some more recent coral, with foraminiferal sand 

 and the usual beach dihis, stones of all sizes and shapes ; it was so loose that very slight jarring was 

 sufficient to shake down more and more of the sides. Not the slightest approach to cohesiveness or 

 cementation was observed. [That gave great trouble in keeping up the sides, and caused us to desist 

 before sundown, till shoring up could be resorted to; but the ss. " Archer " came at 4 a.m. next morning, 

 so this was our last opportunity.] 



N^. Pit sunk by natives 4 feet through clean sand and fine d/'hris at top ; a few small stones continued 

 from the surface down to within aliout 18 inches or 2 feet of high water. 



0-. Pit similar to the last, differing from it only in that streaks of fine foraminiferal sand, 6 to 9 inches, 

 were passed through, unmixed with stones or d4hris. 



P-. Long shallow excavation made by native prisoners to get material to make road alongside it, through 

 2 feet of foraminiferal sand of Tinopm-ri^, the least worn and best preserved in any of the oldest sand beach 

 deposits I obtained or saw ; though not so perfect as quite ncAV tests or shells, the material is more like 

 that at Nukusavalivali and Motungie than any found elsewhere. Below this, stones, lireccia, and fragments 

 as one still finds at some sand islands, which begin by being laid down on the worn and thinned down 

 breccia cap, as at the lagoon side of Telele, Funafara, &c. 



Q-. First Blast. — Barely 18 inches deep. Several pieces of rich blue Heliojyora, adhering to the under 

 side of the breccia, and embedded in this, sometimes by its edges. 



R-. Second Blast. — Under breccia-rock outlier, opposite the opening or breach in the high Hurricane 

 Beach adjoining the clinker field, -J chain east of the erosion line, well nut on the platform^ in the slightly 

 depressed smooth zone. Numerous pieces of dead blue Hfiliopora, adhering to the under side of the rock 

 thrown up, and appeared to l)e similar rock to that which covers Heliopom, both in the black breccia near 

 Big Bore and in some parts of the INIangrove Swamp. 



S^. Third Blast. — -The charge was placed in a hole 2 feet deep in water, the charge being jDlaced iinder 

 a projecting portion within 10 feet of the head of a channel, and as far out as I could get at this point 

 without being close up to the head of the channel. Here the full force of the south-east winds plays on 

 this east cape or point of land and reef. It revealed the sandy (foraminiferal) portion of the bed, and 

 brought up fragments of Hfilioponi, but I could not say if they were w sifii, hnt as the l)last fractiu'ed 

 tlie I'ock completely, they may have l)een. The fii'st rock downwards Avas exactly like the swamp flooi-, 

 and below that foraminiferal sand was iiueimixed, similar to that al)ove H/'lioporx, inside the Hui'iicane 

 Bank, ?>., in the swamp. One other result of these ])lasts was to prove that the apparently solid mass of 

 the outer platform is not solid, but cavernous, the caverns (as found in our Big Bore) being crowded with 

 molluscs, crabs, echinids, and other small marine forms. 



U-. Storm beach of water-worn shingle, 3 inches up to 9 inches, and a few still largei-. 



V^. The summit of Hurricane Bank, for 3 feet in depth, consists of blackened flattish coral stones. 



W2. The back of the Hurricane Bank of rounded stones and loose sand. 



X-. Narrow strip of Mangrove Swamp. Bi'cccia sheet here, except at bottom, where theie is a puiplish 

 mud in places. Depressed line of decomposed and corroded breccia and coral ; swampy in places. 



Y2. Dark sandy soil l)etween (mtliers of breccia at the surface, continuous with the breccia sheet lielow. 

 A^. A large proportion of these coral fragments ai-e composed of Heliopora, not greatly weathered. 

 C^. Road or path northwards. 



E^. First outcrop, on the lagoon side, north of the village, of the solid breccia sheet. Hard newer 

 sandstone above this, enclosing some small coral blocks. 



J3. Outlier of breccia sheet, 2 feet high. This breccia Ijlock does not, on its top, show one piece of the 



