xlviii PEOCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



sica, &c. The earliest paper by Pareto of which I find mention was 

 *' Sopra i bacini terziari delle vicinanze di Genova," in the * Ann. des 

 Sciences Naturelles ' for 1824. Many others, on the Apennines, Alps, 

 on the Department of the Yar, &c., were published in the ' Giornale 

 Ligustico.' At the scientific congresses of Italy he was a constant 

 attendant, and was no less than five times President and three 

 times Yice- President of the Geological Section, before which several 

 of his descriptive papers were read. His last printed geological 

 work was the account of a section through the Apennines, given to 

 the Geological Society of France in December 1861. 



The Marchese Pareto was a man of remarkable powers of me- 

 mory, who wrote but little in proportion to what he knew ; and his 

 countrymen especially have to regret that many treasures of sound 

 knowledge are buried with him. Industrious to a degree unusual 

 in his southern clime, he laboured hard also at works of education 

 and charity, and assisted greatly in the ordering of elementary schools, 

 public libraries, and similar institutions, in which Genoa is un- 

 equalled by any other Italian city. 



In 1864 he was attacked by pleurisy, but continued to lead a 

 comparatively active life until a fit of apoplexy caused his death in 

 1865. 



In Dr. Albert Oppel the geological world has prematurely lost a 

 naturalist of extraordinary industry and of a rare devotion to a 

 particular branch of his science. He was born in December 1831, 

 at Hoheuheim in Wiirttemberg, received his first lessons in miner- 

 alogy and geology at Stuttgart from Professor von Kurr, and on 

 entering the University of Tiibingen became a student under Quen- 

 stedt. Although Oppel now took up a broad course of study in the 

 whole range of the natural sciences, he soon evinced a special zeal 

 and aptness in the examination and collection of fossils from the 

 neighbouring localities of the Swabian Jura, and in 1852 obtained 

 from the Philosophical Faculty of Tubingen the prize for a treatise 

 on the IVIiddle Lias of Swabia. 



After receiving the degree of Doctor in 1853, he in the next year 

 commenced a series of journeys to study, in France, England, and 

 Germany, the subject which he was now determined to make the 

 study of his life, the Jura formation. 



An important turning-point in his career at this time seems to have 

 been his becoming acquainted with D'Orbigny; for when his first great 

 work saw the day, ' On the Jura Formation of England, France, and 

 South-western Germany,' it was clear that he had left the camp of 

 his old master, to take up with Quenstedt's most determined scien- 

 tific opponent, the French palaeontologist. The various divisions and 

 subdivisions, however lithologically difiPerent, were to be recognized 

 in all countries by special guide-fossils ; and thus the closer the spe- 

 cies could be defined, the more accurately would the strata be deter- 

 mined. Six-and-thirty zones were in this manner to be identified 

 by certain species, generally of Ammonites. 



Our former President, the late Gen. Portlock, in his Address for 



