1866.] CFKRY DRIFT OF THE NORTH OF ENGLAND. 41 



back, Helvellyn, Fairfield, Harter Pell, and Shap Fell, situated in 

 and bordering the Lake-district ; and Tebay Fell, Langdale Fell, 

 Wild Boar Fell, and Kaber Fell, ranging in a curve to tbe south end 

 of the Stainmore ridge on the Pennine chain ; also the series of hills 

 northward along this chain. 



The author gives a geological sketch of the district, and points 

 out that the general prevailing direction in which the drift has been 

 carried has been from the north-west to the south-east, though 

 much modified by the configuration of the land. He also states that 

 from the north-western part of the Cumbrian group of mountains it 

 has been carried, in the one case, across the slopes of the western 

 and southern sides of the Lake-district, thence southward along the 

 western front of the hills ranging into Derbyshire, and in the other 

 case along the route under consideration. On the commencing part 

 of this route the principal rocks which have yielded materials for the 

 Drift are the Skiddaw slates, the green slates and porphyries, and 

 the Carrock Fell and the Caldew granites. It is the waste from the 

 granites, the green slates, and the porphyries which serves to iden- 

 tify and characterize the Drift on the more distant parts of its course 

 on the Pennine chain. The waste from the various rocks of this 

 northern area appears in the direction of Berrier, Greystoke, and 

 Penrith. Large boulders of them are met with in the railway-exca- 

 vations between Penrith and Keswick, and they continue to the 

 north-eastern flank of Great Dod. 



The Shap Fell granitic boulders are spread to the south-east of 

 Wasdale Beck, and are probably continued in that direction across the 

 country-side down to Tebay. Their occurrence continues for a mile 

 or so to the east of Orton. Boulders of it lie on the western decli- 

 vity from the Stainmore ridge. Among such may be noticed those 

 at and near the following places, namely Kaber, Brough Sowerby, 

 Church Brough, and Broughtown. They occur sparingly on both 

 sides of the Argill Beck. Down the eastern slope of the Pennine 

 chain, near Mickleton, and southward over the mountain-ridge 

 into Balderdale, pebbles of indurated Silurian rock are traceable 

 among the superficial accumulations. Lower down the vaUey of the 

 Tees, Shap Fell granite and green slates and porphyry occur. 



The author then off'ers some explanations to account for the absence 

 of detritus from the Shap Fell granite over the sloping area of the 

 south side of the Lune, ranging between Tebay Fell on the west, and 

 Eavenstonedale Common on the east ; and proceeds to notice the 

 occurrence of Drift northward along the western slope of the Pennine 

 chain. 



From the neighbourhood of Brough Sowerby and Broughtown, 

 down the east side of the Eden, as far as Appleby and Murton, the 

 superficial accumulations are of a local character, being chiefly de- 

 rived from the Permian rocks and from those in the bold escarpment 

 contiguously situated on the east. Some Shap Fell granitic boulders 

 are met with between Appleby and Dufton, and others near the base 

 of Dufton Pike. In the vicinity of Melmerby the Drift is of a mixed 

 nature, and continues so along its range by Gamblesby, Renwick, 



