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PROCEEDINGS OE THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Feb. 20, 



many. This latter also was first proposed by Professor Owen in 

 1830, and in conseqnence of the name having been applied by Dr. 

 Gray to an existing African species, was subsequently exchanged 

 for the former. The Bos frontosus of Nilsson is proved by the series in 

 Dublin, as stated above, to be a mere variety. All species, indeed, 

 founded upon the greater or less development of the frontal sinuses, 

 which is, in truth, the result of different age, sex, and habitat, must 

 necessarily fall to the ground, whether they be Bears or Oxen. 



4. Meastjeements. 



The detailed measurements of the teeth and long bones I must 

 reserve for the Table at the end of Part III., for the sake of com- 

 parison with those of the Urus and Bison. The skulls present great 

 variations in size ; but all can be distinguished at a glance from the 

 gigantic ones of the Urus, with which they are found in Britain and 

 Germany. In the following Table a few measurements, in inches, 

 are given of two skulls, the one dredged up from the alluvium of 

 the Thames, near Purfleet, the other derived from the peat-bogs 

 of Scania, and described by Professor Mlsson*. The small size of 

 the head of Bos longifrons can be realized by comparing it with the 

 corresponding table of skull-measurements of Urus in the Quart. 

 Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xxii. p. 395. 



Measurements of two Skulls of Bos longifrons. 



Occipital crest to premaxillary 



Horn-cores to anterior edge of premaxillary 



Outer course of horn-core . . 



Breadth of forehead between base of upper part of horn-cores 

 ,, ,, ,, ,, lower part of horn-cores 



„ J, „ orbits, upper part 



„ ,, ,, ,, lower part.. 



Distance between tips of horn-cores 



Circumference of base of horn-cores 



Length of forehead 



Inl^ 



fi 



TS «rt 



® ^ 



1s CQ 



U 3 



^-o 



150 



160 



140 



13-33 



3-5 



4-0 



5-0 



5-33 



5-5 





6-5 



7-0 



4-8 





10-4 





4-7 



4-25 



7-0 



7-5 



The horn-cores present very considerable variations in size and 

 form, dependent probably on different age and sex. The first three 

 measurements below are the maximum, mean, and minimum ones of 

 upwards of forty-five horn-cores found at Eichmond, Yorkshire, in a 

 refuse-heap associated with the remains of Dog, Ursus arctos, Wild 

 Boar, Horse, Eed-deer,Pallow-deer, Sheep, and two varieties of Goat t. 

 The fourth I found within a Eomano-British tomb at Hardham J; the 



* Op. cit. p. 353. 



t See Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xxi. p. 493. 



X Sussex Archseol. Trans, vol. xyi. pp. 52-64. 



