192 PE0CEEDING3 OP THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Mai. 6, 



about stones of several hundredweight frozen into the ice. The pilots 

 said that the water was somewhat low in the harbour this day. I 

 also found the marks of pitch oozing from the conglomerate, described 

 by Sir Charles Lyell, on one or two large blocks that lie on the 

 outer (or eastern) shore of the island. 



After spending an hour on the island, I sailed again for St. Olof 's 

 Stone, in Edskosund. This is an enormous boulder, some forty or 

 fifty feet high above the water ; it lies a few yards from the shore, 

 which is covered with loose stones of no great size ; it is of gneiss, 

 I think ; and at no great distance (say 50 to 100 yards) there are 

 rocks in situ of the same, very much rounded by glacial action, but a 

 good deal split, apparently by subsequent frost. A date (1820) is 

 clearly seen upon it, on the side of the stone furthest from the shore 

 near which it lies; but there is no horizontal line near the date. A 

 little to the right of a person looking at it, and about two feet lower 

 than the date, there is a horizontal line, which can be more easily 

 felt than seen. This line, as near as I could measure (but the water 

 was not quite still) was fifteen inches above the water. I could not 

 find out whether this was the mark Sir Charles Lyell saw. The hori- 

 zontal line is upon the most projecting part of the stone, which over- 

 hangs below. 



On the 5th July I went to examine the mark on the Island of 

 Graso, put there by a person of the name of Olof Plumen, who was 

 superintendent of the pilots on the coast, and was, I believe, a 

 Swedish naval officer. This I call Olof Plumen's mark. The 

 Island of Graso is a long and not very broad island that runs along 

 the coast, having a navigable channel within it. The north end of 

 the island is some eight English miles from the town of Oregrund, 

 which is nearly abreast of the middle of the island. The mark is 

 some four miles to the southward of the town, and just about the 

 place where the channel is narrowest and most encumbered with 

 rocks and islands. It is on the perpendicular face of a small pre- 

 cipice that looks rather as if it had been quarried (but I do not 

 believe that it has been so) ; it is exactly as Sir Charles Lyell de- 

 scribes it, and is on this day (5th July, 1866) about six inches (not 

 more than seven certainly) above the level of the water, which was 

 not quite still. Sir Charles Lyell, in 1834, saw it five inches above 

 the water. Though there is no perceptible lunar tide here, there is 

 a good deal of rise and fall of the water. I was told that about two 

 years ago it rose two feet and a half in a few hours ; a heavy gale 

 followed, but not on the same day. Near Oregrund I saw a lagoon, 

 which had a narrow channel about thirty yards long, that seemed to 

 have been cleared out to let a small boat pass. On the 5th July the 

 water was running into the lagoon from the sea, on the 6th the 

 current was running the other way — in neither case strongly. This 

 was all I observed connected with the sea-marks on the east coast 

 of Sweden. 



On the west coast I examined four marks: the one furthest 

 to the north is one put upon a rock by Sir Charles Lyell at the 

 pilot-station at Gulholmen, about eighteen to twenty English miles 



