194 PBOCEEBINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Mar. 6, 



have found the proper mark. I found a line just twenty-one inches 

 below the cypher, and that line is now (19th July, 1866) just seven 

 inches above the water-level. He gives it on 19th July, 1834, as 

 being ten inches above the water ; so that the water is actually three 

 inches higher against the rock than when Sir Charles Lyell observed 

 it. There is another line, apparently cut since, at the distance of 

 nine inches above the old one ; and there is another sixteen inches 

 below it, and nine below the present water-level ; and there is a 

 date between them (1847) ; but I did not hear who had put it there 

 or cut these lines. I think the old line and the date must have 

 been refreshed at the same time. The water must have been a 

 good deal lower when this last Hne was cut than now (19th July, 

 1866) ; for I can scarcely imagine a person cutting this mark under 

 the water, nor can I divine an object for doing so. These are aU 

 the marks I saw. 



I heard a curious story at Marstrand a jpropos of change of level. 

 There is an island called Steningson, on which stands a church 

 called Norum. A hill not far off partly conceals the church from 

 the top of another hill beyond; both hills are, and always have 

 been, bare rocks at the top. It is said by some of the old people 

 that half a century ago or more only the top of the spire was visible ; 

 but now the roof of the church can be seen. The gentleman who, 

 in reply to my inquiries, gave me the names of the places, and to 

 whom the story was familiar, though he seemed inclined to laugh at 

 it, hinted that the level of a man's head above the ground was not 

 the same at ten years old and at twenty. I could hear nothing of 

 any earthquakes ever having been felt in this part of Sweden. 



Among some people in Sweden an idea prevails that while the 

 north part of the country is rising from the sea, the south is sinking 

 under it ; but if I am not mistaken, the state of the water in the 

 ditch of the citadel of Malmo contradicts this idea, as there seems 

 to have been no serious change of level during the centuries this 

 ditch has existed ; if I am not misinformed, it was here that Hep- 

 burn, Earl of Bothwell, ended his days in confinement. 



Though not immediately connected with the sea-marks, I may 

 mention another very curious phenomenon that I saw at Marstrand. 

 The rocks here are hard gneiss, and very much marked with those 

 scratches generally attributed to glacial action. A number of round 

 holes exist, like those sometimes worked by the water near water- 

 falls, or by the waves on the sea-shore, and which are made, in fact, 

 by loose stones moved by the current or the waves. They were of 

 different sizes, from a foot and a half to above six feet in diameter. 

 I could not ascertain the depth, as the bottom was full either of 

 water or of earth and rubbish, which I had no means of removing ; 

 but I saw one that was certainly over six feet deep. Were I to 

 theorize about how the water that moved the stones that bored these 

 holes was itself set in motion, I would suggest that the glaciers that 

 may have made the scratches may have had holes analogous to 

 those called "moulins," I believe, in Switzerland, down which water 

 falls with some force, and which I believe are always in the same 



