1867.] 



BOYD DAWKINS RHINOCEROS LEPTORHINUS. 



213 



Age uncertain : — 

 r White siliceous grit with cast of a Pecten. 

 J Fine yellow sandstone with casts of fossils. 

 1 Hard yellow crystalline limestone with shells. 

 l_ Soft sandstone with Leptcena &c. 



2. On the Dentitiois' o/ E/HUstoceeos leptorhinus, Owen. 

 By W. Boyd Dawkins, Esq., M.A. Oxon., E.E.S., P.G.S. 



[Plate X.] 

 Contents. 



I. Introduction. 



1. Rhinoceros tichorhinus, Cuvier. 



2. Rhinoceros megarhinus, Christol. 



3. Rhinoceros Etruscus, Falconer. 



II. Rhinoceros leptorhinus. 



1. History of the name. 



2. Synonyms. 



3. Milk Dentition. 



4. Permanent Upper Dentition. 



5. Permanent Lower Dentition. 



6. Dental Formula. 



7. Measurements. 



8. Range in Britain. 



9. Living Representative Species. 



I. Introduction. 

 1. Ehinoceros tichorhinus. — The remains of the British Pleistocene 

 species of Ehinoceros merit a most careful examination, from their 

 numbers and wide distribution, and the fact that they afford evidence 

 of four species of the genus having roamed through the forests and 

 perished in the floods of that portion of the ancient continent which 

 now forms the British Isles. Of these, the most commonly known 

 and the most widely spread is the Ehinoceros tichorhinus of Cuvier, 

 or '^Ehinoceros a narines cloisonnees ;'' it is characterized by the pos- 

 session of an osseous septum, which completely insulates the one 

 nostril from the other, and stands in direct relation to the develop- 

 ment of a very large anterior horn, by the stoutness of its bones, and 

 by certain dental and other peculiarities which it is unnecessary to 

 mention in this place. The discovery of the carcass of this animal 

 in 1771, preserved in the frozen sand of the "Wilouji, a tributary of 

 the Lena, proves that, unlike all the existing species of the genus, 

 its hide was without folds, and that it was fitted to endure a climate 

 of considerable severity by its clothing of hair. The remains swept 

 down by the Pleistocene floods, and stored away in the dens of the 

 Pleistocene carnivora, prove that the animals of this species ranged 

 in considerable numbers throughout the Europeo-Asiatic continent 

 (Scandinavia being excepted), north of a line passing through the 

 Pyrenees, the Alps, the Caspian Sea, and the Altai Mountains. 

 From the drawing of a lower jaw found near Bologna, and described 

 by Professor Monti in 1719 as the head of a Morse, Baron Cuvier 

 also would extend its range into Italy ; but the spatulate expansion 

 of the symphyses anterior to the molar series, upon which his deter- 

 mination is based, has since been proved to belong also to a species 

 .that occurs in vast abundance in Italy — the Ehinoceros megarhinus 

 of M. de Christol *. With this equivocal exception, there is no 



* A comparison of the megarhine jaw discovered in Herault and figured by 

 M. Gervais in the Paleontologie Fran9aise, pi. ii. fig. 8, with the figure of the 

 jaw in question, Oss. Foss. tom. ii. pi. ix. fig. 10, shows the megarhine character 

 of the latter. Since the above was written, M. Louis Caselli, the President of the 

 Natural Science Section of the Society of the Immaculate Conception, at Rome, 



